Misconception of African Americans Essay

Since the beginning of time African Americans have been viewed negatively. We have always been viewed as a threat to society and frowned upon by many races. There are many cliches displayed in the media of what African Americans are supposed to act like. These conclusions cause almost immediate negative feelings from other races and sometimes by our own race. African American females in television shows and movies are often shown as the loud â€Å"ghetto† acting, angry black girl who is always â€Å"telling someone off†. Actor Tyler Perry has been criticized for illustrating African American females as â€Å"big momma†, another negative portrayal of black women. Other times shapely video vixens cause other black females to be portrayed as â€Å"jump-offs† or gold diggers. African American males have even greater judgments to overcome. They are viewed as a menace to society. They are illustrated as wild, angry, dangerous â€Å"gang bangers†. Black men are viewed as absentee fathers or abusive husbands. Although, in some cases, African American males do possess some of these characteristics, there are just as many black men that are positive role models. These ignorant judgments are called stereotypes. A stereotype is defined as â€Å"a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing†. Stereotypes, in my own words, are judgments blindly made by people who use ignorance as an excuse to be biased against those who are different from them. There are many different types of stereotyping. Racial stereotyping, sexist stereotyping, stereotypes about cultures, and sexual orientation stereotypes are all judgments that can affect one’s life in many ways. Stereotypes are, sadly, made by everyone. Racial stereotyping, however, is the most common type of stereotyping, and can sometimes be dangerous. The Trayvon Martin story, for example, is a situation where stereotyping turned tragic. Trayvon Martin was a young African American boy who was walking from the store with nothing but Skittles and a drink in his pockets. Because of his race, and the stereotype of what black Males are capable of, he was targeted, and tragically killed. There have been many similar cases of dangerous stereotyping. People’s fear of what the media shows we are suited to do, has gotten out of control. Too many of us are dying because of this fear. While many stereotypes do seem to be believable, people like Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, my grandparents, and my mom allow me to realize that not all stereotypes are true.

Jeremy Sumpter Soul Surfer

In 2003, teenager Bethany Hamilton (AnnaSophia Robb) lives in Kauai, Hawaii with her parents Tom (Dennis Quaid) and Cheri (Helen Hunt), and two brothers, Noah (Ross Thomas) and Timmy (Chris Brochu). All are surfers, but she and her best friend Alana Blanchard (Lorraine Nicholson) have grown up with a passion for the sport and enter a competition. Her church youth ministry leader, Sarah Hill (Carrie Underwood), is disappointed when she has to withdraw from a planned missions trip because of the contest.Bethany and Alana place first and third, respectively, while the second place winner, Malina Birch (Sonya Balmores), proves to be resentful. Bethany invites both girls up on the winner's box with her, but Malina ungraciously refuses. The Rip Curl surfwear company offers to sponsor her and Alana in competition.The night before Halloween, Alana and Bethany sneak off with some friends to go surfing. Later while Tom goes to the hospital for knee surgery, both girls go surfing with Alana's f ather Holt (Kevin Sorbo) and Brother Byron (Jeremy Sumpter). As Bethany dangles her left arm in the water, a tiger shark appears out of nowhere and sinks its teeth into it, biting it off near the shoulder. Holt gets Bethany out of the water and puts a tourniquet on her while Byron calls 911. An ambulance meets them on the way to the hospital. Just before starting Tom's knee surgery, Dr. David Rovinsky (Craig T. Nelson) is called to the emergency room to treat Bethany. Besides losing her left arm, Bethany also lost 60% of her blood and David calls her  survival a miracle.Bethany's injury prevents her participating in the Rip Curl photo shoots, but she wishes Alana well. Inside Edition, a television program, offers to provide a prosthetic arm that is cosmetically perfect and has bendable joints, in exchange for an interview. Bethany angrily rejects it when she learns it will not help her surf as it is not weight bearing, due to the size of the stump of her arm. The onslaught of papa razzi also proves to be a great strain on her family and their privacy. The Hamiltons are grateful to Holt for his quick thinking and decisive action that saved her life.Bethany perseveres and, after a recuperation period, gets back in the water and learns to surf with one arm, eventually re-entering the competition. She tells her rival Malina not to take it easy on her, and rejects a five-minute head start offered by the judges. She does not perform well because she cannot stay on the board long enough to go out and catch a competitive wave and Malina wins. Disheartened, she decides to give up competitive surfing. Bethany sees the effects of the 2004 tsunami on television, which places her own problems in perspective.She decides to surprise Sarah by joining the youth group on another mission trip to help the devastated people of Phuket, Thailand. They are understandably afraid of the water, including a little boy. Bethany decides to go into it with a surfboard, hoping this will coa x him into it. It works, and the realization that she can use her gift to inspire people motivates her to take up surfing again.Tom rigs a handle on her surfboard which she can use to prevent falling off while paddling out to the waves, which is not prohibited by the competition's rules. He also voices the belief that she possesses a great surfer's instinct for sensing when the best waves will form. She enters the national championship, thanks Malina for treating her as a serious competitor, and performs respectably, though she is still chasing third place.Suddenly, with only minutes left on the clock, the waves die down and all the surfers can only loiter, waiting for the waves to start back up. Tom's belief in his daughter's instinct is proven when she is the only one to sense a big wave forming, and she alone paddles out. When it forms, the others cannot get out in time and she catches it just as the horn sounds. If  it is in time, she will win, but the judges rule that the tim e has expired. Malina is the winner, but she has finally gotten over her differences with her, inviting her up on the platform to share first place.Subsequently, Bethany lets the reporters interview her. One asks her what she would do if given the chance to undo the loss of her arm. She says that she would still lose it because she can embrace more people now than she ever could with both. The film ends with real video of Bethany surfing after the attack.II. ReactionMy problem with â€Å"Soul Surfer† is that it makes it look too simple. Bethany (AnnaSophia Robb) has a loving family of professional surfers and a big, friendly dog. She lives in walking distance of the beach. She was and is a committed churchgoer and got great support from her spiritual leaders. She was an indomitable optimist with a fierce competitive spirit. But there had to be more to it than that. I applaud her faith and spirit. I give her full credit for her determination. I realize she is a great athlete. But I feel something is missing. There had to be dark nights of the soul. Times of grief and rage. The temptation of nihilism. The lure of despair. Can a 13-year-old girl lose an arm and keep right on smiling? The flaw in the storytelling strategy of â€Å"Soul Surfer† is that it doesn't make Bethany easy to identify with. She's almost eerie in her optimism. Her religious faith is so unshaken, it feels taken for granted.The film feels more like an inspirational parable than a harrowing story of personal tragedy. Even its portrait of her recovery and rehabilitation is perfunctory. There's a particularly unconvincing scene where she's fitted with a prosthetic arm and refuses to wear it. They're making remarkable progress in the field of prosthetics. But the arm that she's offered looks no more useful than the arm that she rips off her Barbie doll the same night (in one of the movie's rare moments of depression). Although I can understand a good prosthetic might not help her bal ance on a surfboard, I believe one might be of use in other situations — and I don't mean cosmetically. Maybe I'm mistaken. â€Å"Soul Surfer† is a wholesome movie, intended as inspirational. Whether it will cheer viewers who are not as capable as Bethany is an excellent question. AnnaSophia Robb is a convincing, cheerful heroine.Dennis Quaid and HelenHunt, as Bethany's parents, are stalwart and supportive, although the script indeed leaves them with no other choice. SOUL SURFER has very poignant moments that will bring tears to your eyes. It has one of those endings that make the movie work, despite some light weight scenes. AnnaSophia Robb as Bethany gives a wonderful performance. A cast of veterans provides great support. The good news is that real courage comes from deep faith in Jesus Christ, not just willpower. There are powerful church scenes, but they shouldn’t alienate secular viewers because they are extremely real. Bravo!III. Psychological DisorderThe Psychological disorder in this movie was Major depression disorder is an (also known as clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder or recurrent depression in the case of repeated episodes) is a mental disorder characterized by episodes of all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. The understanding of the nature and causes of depression has evolved over the centuries, though this understanding is incomplete and has left many aspects of depression as the subject of discussion and research. Major depression significantly affects a person's family and personal relationships, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health.Its impact on functioning and well-being has been compared to that of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes. A person having a major depressive episode usually exhibits a very low mood, which pervades all aspects of life, and a n inability to experience pleasure in activities that were formerly enjoyed. Depressed people may be preoccupied with, or ruminate over, thoughts and feelings of worthlessness, inappropriate guilt or regret, helplessness, hopelessness, and self-hatred.[6] In severe cases, depressed people may have symptoms of psychosis. The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the patient's self-reported experiences, behavior reported by relatives or friends, and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major depression, although physicians generally request tests for physical conditions that may cause similar symptomsIV. RecommendationSoul Surfer is a great movie to watch with your family and I would recommend this movie to anyone. This film was very well done and what's better is its all based on a true story and from the looks of the credits where they show real footage they certainly stayed true to it! Robb does a great job as young Bethany who loses her arm to a shark attack, and we follow her struggle to get back in the water and compete as a surfer once again. It's a very emotional film but thanks to some great acting and beautiful scenery it all comes together nicely.

He-y Come on Ou-t analysis Essay

In the short story â€Å"He-y Come on Ou-t† the hole symbolizes an easy solution for a big problem. People used this hole to dump their waste, and fears into it. They used it to dispose unwanted materials, and at the same time to bring money into the city by charging others to dump their waste into it. The hole also symbolizes the people’s ignorance as well, people do not fully understand what this big dark gaping space is, and that it could harm the Earth in many possible ways, yet they still use it for their own good. The hole is a positive thing, because people learn from experience, and that hole taught the people that every action has a consequence and that everything comes around again in some way. This hole also shows how people won’t always get away with something bad they have done. The hole swallows all the sin people have done, and gives them some peace of mind. I would sure like to use one of these phenomenon’s, but if I do many other people will, and later on the world will lack a lot of things. This hole is sure useful at times, but it will reflect on the world and the environment, because everything has its bad and it’s good. Almost everything we use is recycled or some parts of it are taken to do and produce something else. Some things do not naturally occur, so when people start getting rid of materials and things that they think are useless, we will be short on a lot of things in the upcoming centuries. Not all people are geniuses or aware of what the things they are using is made out of. Even if this hole will be used for a good cause, and to save our environment instead of burning garbage, dead animal bodies, etc. there are still many other ways to do such things in a safer way without risking our environment. We live in an uncontrolled world; if such thing existed some people will manage to find a way to use it to harm our environment. We shouldn’t take the easy way out in everything, but think and solve the problem once and for all.

Negligence Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Negligence Law - Essay Example Stevenson.4 This is the seminal case which changed the nature of duty. In this case, the plaintiff found a slug in her ginger beer and sued the proprietor of the store who sold this. The justice stated that duty would be broadly defined, in that anybody who might be harmed by the tortfeasor are people to whom the tortfeasor owes a duty. Therefore, privity is not required. Capraro v. Dickman5 expanded on the Donoghue analysis, stating that duty of care is required when there is foreseeable harm, proximity between the parties and that holding the tortfeasor liable would be reasonable and just. Breach is the next element that needs to be proved. Basically, negligence turns on whether or not the duty of care is breached. According to Bolton v. Stone6 states that the injury must be foreseeable for there to be a breach. In that case, the plaintiff was hit by a cricket ball. However, it was not foreseeable that a cricket ball would fly out of the arena and hit a remote person, therefore, th e injury was not foreseeable and the defendants were held not be negligent and did not breach a duty of care. Overseas Tankship v. Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd7 also illustrates this point. In Overseas, the defendants were allowing oil to spill out on water, and they were also sending sparks into the oil on the water. The oil ignited. However, the Overseas court held that the it was not foreseeable for water to ignite, therefore the defendants were not held liable. Causation is the next element. There is direct causation, which means that the defendant directly caused injury, and proximate causation. In proximate causation, the tortfeasor may not have directly caused the injury, but the injury was related to the tortfeasor's actions. defendant’s actions. Courts will classically use the â€Å"but for† test for causation, which means that, but for the defendant's negligence, the injury would not have occurred. Several cases may illustrate how this is applied, or not applied, as the case may be. Courts will not apply hold a defendant negligent if the injury would have occurred anyway, even if there was no negligence. For instance, in the case of South Australia Asset Management Corp. v. York Montague Ltd., a classic example of this type of injury was stated – a mountaineer is about to go on a difficult climb, but is worried about his knee. His doctor negligently examines the mountain climber and tells him he is fit to climb. The climber goes on his climb and is injured. But for the negligent medical examination the climber would not have been on the mountain climb. However, the actual injury has nothing to do with the knee – perhaps the climber is struck by a falling rock on the climb. In this situation, the doctor isn't liable for negligence, even though the climber would never have been injured but for the doctor's negligence. Another example of injury or death which might be held to be result of negligence, but was deemed not t o be the proximate cause of the death is the case of Barnett v Chelsea & Kensington Hospital Management Committee. 8 In this case, a man went to an emergency room but was told to go home and call his doctor. He died of arsenic poisoning. It was held,

Macroeconomic convergence, financial development and economic growth Dissertation

Macroeconomic convergence, financial development and economic growth - Dissertation Example The potential of the developing countries to grow faster is more than that of the developed countries as the developing countries have diminishing returns to factors. Convergence can be of two types, the process of poorer economies catching up with the richer economies is referred as alpha convergence whereas beta convergence is the process in which a country converges to its own steady state rate of growth (Alfaro et al.2005). As pointed out by professor Jeffrey Sachs ,many countries due to its closed economic policies cannot converge, this could however be overcome if the free trade policies are included which will lead to openness of the economy. Between the years 1970-1989, 111 countries have been studied on the basis of their rate of convergence. It was found by Andrew Warner and Sachs that the countries following closed economic policies had a growth rate of 2% whereas the countries following open economic policies have a growth rate of 4.5 % (Alfaro et al.2005) There are many countries that have converged with the developed countries such as the Asian tigers, HongKong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea. As sited by many economists the endogenous rather than the exogenous factors triggers the growth of an economy (Alfaro et al.2005). ... tal are important as it significantly influences the savings and rate of investment (Halmai & Vasary.2009.p.3).Technological spread, change in growth rate and total productivity of the factors are the major players in enhancing the rate of convergence. Macroeconomic convergence and economic growth Integration of the national and regional economies with the global economy is one of the salient features over the history. Two models of economic integration which relates to income convergence are firstly growth models and secondly trade models (Kim.1997.p.4). According to the neoclassical Solow model of growth, the regional level of income varies due to the different capital labour ratios. Whereas the Hecksher Ohlin trade model says that the income varies across the regions due to the difference in the factor prices and factor endowments (Kim.1997.p.5). Income convergence occurs due to trades in goods and economic integration via equalisation in prices. Factor endowments vary across the regions and therefore various regions specialise in different industries. Thus if the regional variation in the factor endowments increases then there arises divergence in the income levels as the structure of industries diversifies. Conversely as there exits similarity in the factor endowments then the income level also converges in the due course. Economic integration also gives rise to income divergence (Kim.1997.p.5) The growth models put forward by Romer and Lucas, which are based on increasing returns on physical capital, states the chances of such income divergence. Even the trade models by Krugman states that income divergence may arise due to the differences in the industrial structures. If the industries equipped with high technology and high wages are subjected to external

Item Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Item Analysis - Assignment Example This information needs to be interpreted in context to the principles on the basis of which the test was designed. A test that was given at the beginning of a course simply to assess which concepts a class was familiar with would be expected to have a positive skew; as there would be fewer items that students would be able to answer. On the other hand; if this test was given to assess mastery or proficiency; these scores would indicate that a number of course goals were not met. If the test were given in order to choose a few individuals who are proficient in very advanced concepts; it would be acceptable that a majority of scores are clustered towards the lower half; as only a few individuals would qualify by getting higher scores.It is also necessary to assess if these results are caused by a few erroneous or confusing items. This may be done by evaluating the trends seen for each item. A competency test typically contains a few simple items, a few difficult items and a few items w ith moderate difficulty. A speed test, on the other hand, requires all items to be similarly difficult. For a competency test; it is necessary that we choose items that not only have different levels of difficulty; but also discriminate between individuals who are able to solve it and those who are not. A good item would typically help us in understanding how well the individual test taker has mastered the individual concept while also helping us differentiate those who did master the concept from those who did not.... Also; the Alpha coefficient is affected by the length of the test; with the reliability being higher and more trusted for a longer test than a shorter one. The given test is only 10 items long; and this may compromise the reliability to some extent. The skewed scores also present other concerns. The Standard Error of Skewness for this test may be calculated by using the Tabachnick & Fidell’s (1996) formula . This provides us with a SES value of 0.245. If we define the acceptable limits within which the value of skewness may fall as being between 2 SES both sides of zero; then we may accept a value that falls between – 0.49 and + 0.49. the obtained value of + 0.78 is well outside these limits, indicating that there is a positive skew to the scores and a significant clustering of scores towards the lower side of the scale. This information needs to be interpreted in context to the principles on the basis of which the test was designed. A test that was given at the beginni ng of a course simply to assess which concepts a class was familiar with would be expected to have a positive skew; as there would be less items that students would be able to answer. On the other hand; if this test was given to assess mastery or proficiency; these scores would indicate that a number of course goals were not met. If the test were given in order to choose a few individuals who are proficient in very advanced concepts; it would be acceptable that a majority of scores are clustered towards the lower half; as only a few individuals would qualify by getting higher scores. It is also necessary to assess if these results are caused by a few erroneous or confusing items. This may be done by evaluating the trends seen for each item. A

Money Management - Portfolio of funds or ETF Essay

Money Management - Portfolio of funds or ETF - Essay Example Most of these investors turned to government bonds, certificates and private or corporate bonds from reputable firms (Madura, 2008, p.13). This trend led to the emergence of special funds which allowed small investors to pool funds and investment in a number of securities or stocks. These funds are managed by fund managers which became popular with huge companies like insurance firms and banks. However the costs of managing these funds were high and some investors looked for other options to invest. This led to the emergence of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), which allowed investors to put their money on investment funds to be traded on stock exchanges (Abner, 2010). ETF investment funds incorporate an array of assets such as stocks, commodities or bonds and trades at a price close to the net value of these combined investments. For the many years it has been in existence, EFT’s have been successful with current stock markets due to its flexibility and low risk. Table of Content s Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Individual Analysis 3 EFT Analysis 5 Swiss Based ETFs 5 Other Managed Funds (ETFs) 6 Personal Asset Allocation 8 The art of investing requires careful planning in asset allocation since the way you allocate your assets reflects the return on your investment. For instance, if you have $ 100, 000, you should invest in a number of investment options. Time factor is one of the most crucial factors to watch out while investing. Looking at the Swiss market, we witness that the some mutual funds have been performing very well compared to some ETFs. Therefore, it not easy to conclude that mutual funds are better than ETFs or vice-versa, the most important factor is tracking these investments over a suggested period of time (Ferri, 2011). A look at ComStage Stoxx Europe 600 ETF Household goods based product we notice that this ETF tracks household goods stocks in the Swiss market. This ETF has performed well over the past two years ret urning 40.2% compared to the ComStage Stoxx Europe 600 Food & beverages ETF which returned only 24.1% as witnessed by table 4 in the appendix. In comparison to the United States of America where there is a mid cap fund that has returned over 41.87%. This performance is better than the ETF based investment option in Switzerland (Wagner, 2008). This mutual fund is known as the JB holdings fund and it has invested in different segments based on a selected benchmark. A list of investments in the JB holdings fund is shown by table 5 in the appendix. Based on the analysis of the different ETFs and funds listed above, it is difficult to choose the best investment option by solely choosing and ETF or fund based investment (Madura, 2008). The best investment decision to undertake when investing in an ETF or fund is to analyze the industry or benchmark used in implementing the fund or ETF product. Time factor is also very important since most ETFs or funds take a minimum of three years for th e investment to make marginal gains. 8 Current Investing Trends 8 References 12 Appendix 14 Introduction The art of investing is very difficult and challenging and many a times, people find it difficult to invest. Several investment options are available to potential investors interested in making profits. Investing is a risky venture and many people prefer to invest in low risk investments. As a result, many investment banks and

Mozart's 40th Symphony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mozart's 40th Symphony - Essay Example In words of Donald Tovey, "it is not only difficult to see the depths of agony in the rhythms and idioms of comedy, but it is not very intelligent to attempt to see them." There are different views in realizing the essence of overall tone from tragedy, sorrow, dejection to lightness and grace. Alfred Heuss finds the aura of profundity is permeated and unified by grief-tinged interval of low tone second notes. The second movement is a lyrical work. The first is contemplative mood which tries to surmount the agony and despair of world. The theme the first movement is mirrored in a more subtle way in the second movement, Andante. The second movement is the submediant major of the overall G minor key of the symphony which carry us into darker expressions of urgency with further modulations with relying back on the recapitulations of the main theme. It features short two-note figures, called Seufzer (sighs) in Mozart's day. The bass-heavy instrumentation, 3-bar phrasing, cross-accented hemiola rhythm is although labeled as menuetto; it hardly offers joyous relief such dance-like movements typically offer. The forceful Menuetto (Allegretto) section, in G major, alternates the playing of the string section with that of the winds which offers a brief respite from this movement's grim dance. The main theme of last movement consists of a rising phrase followed by earth-bound one which suggests continuous struggle to go beyond the defeat with unresolved questions lurking in the background. The finale also includes the most harmonically challenging music in which Mozart disrupts his escalating theme with a bitter note and a semi-tone, and then plays a sequence of ten tones on the level of chromatic scale. The single left note is g-natural. The previously steady rhythm is interrupted into a movement which is not random but its forward motion; free of the questioning figures leaves a glimmer of hope. Its notes are structured in mathematical logic as an interlocking series of diminished 4th and 7th, the least tonally anchored of all intervals. As Heinrich Jalowetz noted, "For a fleeting moment the sequence escapes from the gravity of diatonic (tonal) space and sets up a genuine chromatic (atonal) segment." In words of Barbara Heninger,"Mozart has taken us on an unusual voyage, but in the end his musical language still achieves a balance, order, and resolution". Beauty of Mozart's composition is not enraptured in technical analysis but its ethereal effects which bring you into different realm of flight from sorrow, despair into rise, uplift and redemption. Bibliography Symphony No. 40 in

Cultural Diversity and Language Education Assignment

Cultural Diversity and Language Education - Assignment Example Spnish cme very esily to me becuse of ll the French I hd tken nd my strong desire to lern the lnguge. fter college, I trveled for yer in South meric, where I both reinforced my Spnish nd lso picked up Portuguese while visiting Brzil. When I returned from South meric I ws unsure wht I wnted to do, so I enrolled in bilingul techer eduction progrm sponsored by Title VII. yer of student teching nd bilingul methods courses certified me s bilingul techer. I becme bilingul techer out of my love for Spnish. I see the process of becoming bilingul s lifelong journey, one in which I m still involved. When I strted teching, I hd no ide tht bilingul teching ws so controversil, stigmtized, nd complex. For 6 yers, I struggled s Spnish-English bilingul elementry school techer in Oklnd, Cliforni. Prt of this struggle ws cused by lck of support from my principl nd collegues, who did not understnd the purposes of wht is needed to develop bilingulism. During tht time, I obtined mster's degree in curriculum nd bilingul eduction. t the clssroom level, despite my techer trining nd mster's degree, I still fced dily dilemms such s, "Wht should I do with 30 kids whose lnguge dominnce vries from Spnish to English nd ll the shdes in between" "Wht kind of curriculum should I use for Omr, who hs just come from Mexico to my fourth-grde clss nd doesn't know how to hold pencil becuse he hs never gone to school before" "How do I work with Guillermo, who is very bright, fully bilingul, finishes his work in 2 minutes, nd strts to red the encyclopedi becuse he's bored" "How do I tech my clss with inferior nd inpproprite Spnish mterils nd books" Somehow, I lerned to survive by creting my own mterils nd developing meningful lerning opportunities for students; by individulizing instruction; by hving students help one nother; nd by tking students out into the community nd bringing the community into the clss through trips, projects, nd guests. The effort to do this in n unsupportive environment ws t gret psychic expense tht cu sed me to burn out. I found myself becoming imptient with the children. I needed chnge. When the chnce cme to move to New York to pursue doctorte in curriculum nd bilingul eduction t Techers College Columbi University, I looked t it s n opportunity to begin to find nswers to these teching questions. From my teaching experience, I can say that second lnguge cquisition cn begin t ny ge nd hence t different levels of brin mturity nd cognitive development. It cn tke plce predominntly in forml lerning or during informl dy-to-dy communiction (depending on socil fctors, the level of cognitive development, nd previous eduction). The ge fctor is closely relted to the method of lnguge lerning due to the difference in the cognitive orgniztion of children's nd dults' lnguge cquisition. In orgnized lerning, for exmple, different types of prctice mteril nd lerning ids exploit different input nd processing modlities (visul, uditory, nd motor). First lnguge cquisition goes "hnd in hnd" with the development of cognitive bilities nd the construction

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 78

Case Study Example eading of the Zara case study does lead to the conclusion that the immense success of Zara in the apparel retail sector is based on a few well thought and highly planned strategic approaches towards the clothing retail business. One major factor that could be held responsible for the high success of Zara in the clothing retail sector is the company’s pro-active approach towards business. The problem with most of the competitors is that they happen to have a highly market dependent approach towards business. They happen to wait for the market influences to shape and impact their business strategy. In that context, the amazing thing is that Zara has a business approach towards retail that is highly competitive and pro-active. Zara does not wait for the things to happen to it. Instead, this retail giant goes on and plays a pro-active approach in determining and shaping the consumer preferences and choices. The primary factor that sets Zara apart from its competitors is that Zara is always in touch with the latest fashion trends and is thereby able to get a hold of the clothing retail trends in a way that is unthinkable for other companies. Hence, it would not be wrong to say that Zara is not a product driven but a trend driven company in the sense that the primary stress at Zara is to identify, produce and market consumer preferences at all levels of its supply chain, are they strategizing, designing, manufacturing, marketing and sales. In that case it would be really important to mention that Zara is indeed one of the few clothing retail companies that have been able to strategically exploit the available IT inputs and choices in every aspect of its product designing, manufacturing, marketing and sales. Hence, the thing that needs to be understood is that the retail success of Zara is directly linked to the company’s practical understanding of the clothing retail market, the adoption of this understanding in every aspect of its supply chain and marketing, and

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Literature review - Essay Example The statement of aims and objectives in the main body is clearly provided and thus guarantees a score of 3. First and foremost is the research method used in collecting data for this study. According to the research paper data was collected from only those nursing students who had earlier participated in similar â€Å"peer learning partnerships†. This appears to be a narrow and restrictive criteria for carrying out this particular study since students who have already participated in such activities are generally conditioned to answer and/or show emotions a particular way as opposed to students who have never been part of such a study. Spontaneous responses, hence, are lessened to some extent. Moreover the paper fails to specify its data concerning the students involved within the study in a quantitative manner. There is no detailed mention of how many students joined in the research study or whether they were initially comfortable with the ground rules laid out for them. The study does not specify the number of dropouts (if any). There is also no detail why the students might have felt the need to be no longer part of the research study. The study does not make any mention of the response rate of the students under observation. It only mentions that in a moderated group environment the students tended to speak at the same time which again led to confusion when taking down responses in an organized manner. The nurses only provide data concerning their feelings and emotions when in a student-mentorship relationship. For most of the students in the group this would be classified as a positive experience since they would have decided it prior to joining the research study group that they were getting enrolled in this study as a positive experience and self study as well as self development. Hence, there are largely positive undercurrents to such a study as opposed to signs

How Does Facebook Impact on Your Life Essay Example for Free

How Does Facebook Impact on Your Life Essay What is the most popular social network in the world? I believe that most people prefer the answer â€Å"Facebook†. Nowadays, there are more and more people join the Facebook. You can always see such situations that some people refresh their Facebook when they have nothing to do, and there are some people even only use Facebook to keep in touch with others. Actually, Facebook has already become a part of our life; and it changed our lives in four aspects: it changed our online life, relationships with our parents, relationships with our friends, and also eased our feeling of loneliness. The first aspect is that Facebook fulfilled our Internet lives. Do you still remember what did you usually do on the Internet before the Facebook was invented? Use my own experience for example; before the Facebook was invented, I only use the basic functions of the Internet, such as check the emails, look for some news on the Internet, sometime I also play some online games. At that time, I prefer to watch TV rather than surf the Internet. However, after the Facebook was invented, my online life changed. When I surf the Internet, the first thing I have to do is check my Facebook, because many of my friends who changed their states everyday. From their states I can know what happened to my friends. Sometimes I can also share some interesting videos and pictures to my friends, it also made me feel closer with my friend. Actually, not only myself, but also other teenagers have the similar situations. In â€Å"Facebook is a major influence on girls, says survey†, Sean Coughlan (2010) reported that there is a survey based on 3000 parents and 1000 children in the UK, and they found that Facebook made a big influence on children, especially on girls. In that survey, children are asked to list three important things in their life. The result shows that 41% of the girls and 17% of the boys believe that technology is one of the biggest influences, and many girls regard the Facebook as their important part in their life. They believe that Facebook is more important than TV, magazines and even their brothers or sisters. It sounds a little crazy, however, it is true that Facebook has already changed our Internet life. In fact, Facebook didn’t only change our Internet life, but also create a new way to communicate with your parents and friends. As there are more and more teenage Facebook users, many parents try to communicate with their kids through Facebook. However, is it an effective way to use Facebook to get closer with their child? In â€Å"Student’s Facebook ‘friends’: public and private spheres†, Anne West, Jane Lewis and Peter Currie (2009) analysis that most teens feel weird when adults have Facebook. Huffington Post (2007) use a student’s words as example, the student said that if his or her parents know so much about his or her Facebook activities, he or she will has a feel that his or her parents want to know the secrets between his or her friends. He or she wants his or her parents could understand that Facebook profile is prepared for people who are sharing his or her experience (cited in West, Lewis Currie, 2009). From this example, we can see that many teenagers don’t like adding their parents as friends. They want a world that they can chart with their friends without worrying about their parents. However, there are still many teenagers believe that Facebook is a good way to communicate with their parents. For instance, there is a girl noted that her mother just got into Internet for few days and her mother likes to see her photos. The girl believes that it is a good way to keep in touch with her mother (West, Lewis Currie, 2009). In another case, there is a friend of mine insist on communicating with his mother through the Internet. They believe that add each other as a Facebook friend is a symbol of reliance. My friend likes to update some photos with his friends, and his mother likes to share some tips in daily life with Facebook. With the help of Facebook, their relationship became better and better. As there are more and more people who know how to use Internet, we need to believe that one day, parents can get closer with their kid by using Facebook. Facebook does not only change our relationships with our parents, but also with our friends. Before the Facebook was invented, maybe the most common way to communicate with others is cellphone. You can text or phone others. However, with the birth of the Facebook, we have a new way to communicate with our friends. In â€Å"Me and My 400 Friends: The Anatomy of College Students’ Facebook Networks, Their Communication Patterns, and Well-Being†, Manago, Taylor and Greenfield (2012, pp. 374) did a survey on 400 people. According to their study, the average time that people spend on the Facebook is a little over an hour, and 80% of the people would log in the Facebook many times a day. Most people would like to update their status a few times a week. Status is most common use of the Facebook. From our friends’ statues we can know more about our friends’ life. To some degree, it is a kind of communication when you see your friends’ statue and leave a comment under their statue. According to Manago, Taylor and Greenfield’s study, the most common statues are others’ emotion condition (51% of participants). Then the second and the third most common statue is â€Å"what you a doing† and â€Å"vent frustration†. Therefore, we can easily know something from others’ statue. That is why Facebook provide us a new way to communicate with our friends. Actually, most young people like to use Facebook to keep in touch with their friends. Use my friends for example; Dale and Ronda are young couple with two kids. They like to go vocation in holidays. Each time when they come back they will update their statues and photos. It makes them feel closer with their friends. From these examples we can see that Facebook really changed our relationship with our friends a lot. The forth aspect that Facebook influent our life is that Facebook can ease our feeling of loneliness. In the article â€Å"Is Facebook Making Us Lonely? †, Marche (2012, P. 62) points out that Americans are much more lonely than ever before. In 1950, only less than 10% of the homes have only one person. However, by 2010, nearly 27% of the homes have only one person. From these information we can see that people became more and more lonely, because many of them living alone, they don’t have somebody to talk with them. That is the problem, and Facebook can solve this problem perfectly. Although you could not live with your friends, you could communicate with them through Facebook. Marche (2012, P. 64) also reported that in 1985, only 10% of the Americans had no one to talk about vital matters. However, by 2004, the year when Facebook launched, 25% Americans had no one to talk to. To solve this problem, Facebook provides a platform that you can discuss important matters with others. Facebook is not only a social networking, but also a â€Å"medicine† which can reduce the feeling of loneliness. There are some people argue that the motive for using Facebook may impact on loneliness. For instance, some people may addict to Facebook, so they prefer to use the Internet to communicate with others but not talk to others in reality. About this point, Mathew Ingram, an excerpt from BusinessWeek blog post, explains that Facebook would not promote connections in real world. He met many friends from Internet. He agrees that there are people became lonelier because of using the Internet, just like many lonely people like to watch a lot of late-night TV show. However, it doesn’t mean that Facebook causes loneliness (cited in Marche, 2012, P. 17). From the information above, we can see that Facebook really changed our life. In conclusion, Facebook changed our life in many aspects. It does not only add more happiness on your Internet life, but also make your relationships with others better. In the modern world, people became lonelier and lonelier. With the help of the Facebook, we can meet more new friends; we can keep in touch with our old friends, it can also help us to get out from the shadow of the loneliness. Facebook or social networking has already been a part of our life. Therefore, all we need to do is to make good use of the Facebook and let it serve us in a better way.

The importance of counting in early number development

The importance of counting in early number development Counting is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of objects by continually increasing a counter by a unit for every element in the set, in some order. Counting is used by children to demonstrate knowledge of the number names and number system. Archaeological evidence suggests that humans have been counting for at least 50,000 years, and in ancient cultures counting was used to keep track of early economic data. Learning to count is considered a very important educational and developmental milestone in most cultures of the world. Learning to count is a childs first step into mathematics, and constitutes the most fundamental idea of mathematics. The present essay will attempt to illustrate the importance of counting for the development of number-related skills from an early age (Eves, 1990). The use of numbers is a skill developed from an early age. In mathematics, there is the term number sense, a relatively new construct that refers to a well organized conceptual framework of number information that enables a person to understand numbers and numbers relationships, and to solve mathematical problems that are not bound by traditional algorithms. Number sense includes some component skills such as number meaning, number relationships, number magnitude, operations involving numbers and referents for numbers and quantities. These skills contribute to general intuitions about numbers and pave the way for more advanced skills (Bobis, 1996). Studies have shown that this number sense begins at a very early age. Even before they are able to count properly, children of around two years of age can indentify one, two or three objects. Theorists as early as Piaget noticed this ability to instantaneously recognize the number of objects in a small group. Piaget called in subitizing. Later, as the childs mental powers develop, around the age of four, groups of up to four objects can be recognized without counting. Adults have and continue to use the same ability of subitizing, although even they cannot use it beyond a maximum of five objects, unless the objects are arranged in a particular way or practice that aids memorization. Subitizing refers to the minds ability to form stable mental images of patterns and then associate them with a fixed number. In a familiar arrangement, such as six dots arranged into two rows of three (such as in dice or playing cards) six can be instantly recognized when presented this way (Gelman Galli stel, 1978). Yet, with the exception of familiar arrangements such as the examples above, when people are presented with groups numbering more than five objects, they must resort to other mental strategies. Groups can be broken up into sub-groups to facilitate the process. A group of six objects, for example, can be broken up into two sub-groups of three, which are recognized instantly and then unconsciously combined into six, the number of the bigger group. This strategy does not use any actual counting, but a part-part-whole relationship which is assisted by rapid mental addition. Therefore, there is an understanding that a number can be composed of smaller parts, along with the knowledge of how these parts add up. This kind of thinking has already begun by the time children begin school, around six or seven years of age. It should be nurtured and allowed to develop, as it is thinking of this sort that lays the foundation for understanding operations and developing mental calculation strategies (Bobis, 1996). Skills such as the ability to perceive subgroups, need to be developed alongside counting in order to provide a firm foundation for number sense. Although there is no denying that counting is crucial for the development of numbers, these other skills play an important part as well. Skills and alternative strategies for counting can be developed more effectively by the use of teaching strategies. Children can be shown flashcards with objects in different arrangements (sometimes six in a cluster of four and a pair, or sometimes in three pairs) as these different arrangements will tend to prompt different strategies. Furthermore, if the flashcards are shown for only a few seconds, the mind is challenged to act faster and develop strategies other than counting to make the necessary calculations (Way, 1996). Yet, despite the importance of alternative strategies, a considerable amount of evidence supports the idea that counting is the most important mechanism used by young children in estimating numbers of all sizes, perhaps only with the exception of 1 or 2. Subitizing and grouping, as described above, are used as mediators for the ability to understand small numbers, but it seems that even these skills are developed after children have learned to estimate numbers by counting. Moreover, counting is the basic mechanism used when children learn to add and subtract. At least the initial stages of adding and subtracting, before the child masters the processes, involve counting. For example adding 8 and 3 might be achieved by first counting to 8 and then proceeding to 11 (Gelman Gallistel, 1978). A surge of interest in counting was triggered by Gelman and Gallistels (1978) book, which claimed that preschoolers learning to count was inexplicable unless they had innate predispositions to learn counting. So, is counting innate or not? Butterworth et al. (2005) believe that the human ability to count is innate and is not reliant on numbers or language to express it. They based their study on the fact that the children of Australian Aborigines were able to count even though their languages do not have words for numbers. An extreme form of linguistic determinism has been developed recently, which claims that counting words are needed for children to develop concepts of numbers above three. In contrast, the teams study of aboriginal children suggests that humans have an innate system for recognizing and representing numerosities, the number of objects in a set, and that the lack of a number vocabulary does not prevent them from doing numerical tasks that do not require number words. On the other hand, other cross-cultural studies support the opposite conclusion: counting is not innate. Although it seems to come naturally, counting may be cultural rather than innate. Many hunter-gatherer societies such as the Australian Aborigines or various different peoples in South America have no words in their languages for counting or at best only words for up to the number five. This could be because those societies do not have the culturally supported contexts where exact numbers need to be encoded. To investigate the issue, one study (Hyde et al., in press) examined a population of deaf Nicaraguans who do not speak Spanish and never had the opportunity to learn conventional sign language. These people live in a numerate culture that uses exact counting and large numbers, but because they were never educated in it, they lacked conventional language for themselves. Still, these individuals did not spontaneously develop representations of numbers over three. They use gestur es to communicate about numbers but do not consistently produce gestures that accurately represent the cardinal values of sets containing more than three items. This is in contrast to native speakers of the American Sign Language, who, raised and immersed in a language that uses counting, were just as good as speakers of Spanish and English at counting. Therefore, deafness was not the factor that made the difference. The overall point, though, is that whether innate or not, there can be little doubt that counting is crucial for early number development. People belonging to those cultures without words for numbers larger than five can subitize up to a point but are handicapped when the need arises to deal with larger quantities (Butterworth et al., 2008). Activities that involve counting have been shown to to be very effective for helping young children understand the concept of number. Young children and prepared to engage in and benefit from preschool exposure to counting before they are taught arithmetic in an organized manner. Children form many necessary language associations at a very early age, and even at the early age of three, certain counting principles are already in place. Children can make effective use of guided experiences that help them build developmentally appropriate pre-formal mathematics understandings. Counting can be used to reinforce and extend childrens natural learning. The highly influential book of Gelman and Gallistel (1978) proposes a set of counting principles, and counting exercises based on these principles contribute greatly to childrens pre-formal understanding and progress toward formal understanding. Gelman and Gallistels principles do not refute Piagets classic, ground-breaking findings on the processes of development, but rather extend them. Some of these principles are attainable by age three and all of them by age five. Many counting exercises that emphasize these principles also employ the logical activities recommended by Piaget, such as classification, seriation, matching and comparison (Aubrey, 1993). The one-to-one principle shows that, when counting, only one number word in assigned to each object. This refers to both the verbal and mental act of counting. The stable order principle shows that, when counting, number words are always assigned in the same order. Although the tie of number to language is important, exercises that employ stable order are most useful when they simultaneously employ the previous, one-to-one principle. The cardinal principle shows that the number of objects in the set is the last number word counted. The cardinal principle is similar to the co ncept of cardinality, of which children gain implicit understanding long before they understand numerical quantity. The order irrelevance principle shows that when counting the number of objects in a set, the order in which they are counted is not important, but rather simply that all objects are counted. In other words, a set of objects may be properly counted by starting with any object and going in any order. Finally, the abstraction principle shows that when counting any unique set of objects, all the above principles apply as well as they do to any other unique set. Researchers as early as Beckmann (1924) analyzed the way in which children arrived at an accurate estimate of the number of items, in order to establish the importance of counting. Depending on their behaviour during a counting task and their explanation of how they reached the answer, Bechmann divided the children into counters or subitizers. In general, it was found that the younger the child, the greater the tendency to count for all numbers, while the larger the number, the greater the tendency for all children to count. These results together showed that children estimate a number by counting before they can subitize the same number. Similar effects were observed by Brownwell (1928) and McLaughlin (1935). By asking children to identify the number of elements in arrays of 3 to 10 objects, Brownwell noticed that young children almost always counted and rarely took advantage of the patterns in the display. McLaughlin similarly observed that 3- to 6-year-olds typically counted in or der to determine the number of objects in an array, even when the number of objects was small. As the number of items a child could count increased, so did the ability to estimate numbers. Gelman (1972) notes that when the performance of children in experiments where they have counted is compared with that in experiments where they did not count, the resulting discrepancy adds support to the hypothesis that young children initially estimate by counting. Buckingham and MacLatchys (1930) study on estimation showed children a random throw of objects, and the subjects were not prevented from counting. In contrast, in Douglas (1925) study where three similar number tasks were used, children were discouraged from counting. If the groups of 6-year-olds in these and other studies that accordingly encourage or discourage counting are compared, a large discrepancy can be observed. In the first case, the percentage of children who accurately estimated non-linear arrays of around 10 items on at least one trial varied from 54% to 70%, while in the latter case only 8% of the children successfully estimated the numerosity of 10-element arrays. Although the studies differed in a varie ty of ways, the similarity of the tasks, the selection of the same age group and the use or absence of counting suggest that at least some part of this impressively large discrepancy in successful estimation scores can be attributed to the presence of absence of counting. Overall, the role of counting on early number development is not entirely clear and there are many different, often conflicting, opinions on how these processes occur. The most striking example is whether counting is innate or not, with some researchers claiming that humans are born with the ability to see the world numerically in the same way that they are born with the ability to see the world in colour, and others insisting that it is a cultural, not an innate ability which will not develop outside of a cultural setting that reinforces it. Different opinions also exist in the matter of the importance of counting and the importance of other skills such as subitizing. Subitizing and other similar skills that assist in estimations are crucial, but they only seem to be so when used together with counting. Counting develops first and produces much better results in estimates and numerical tasks in general. It is the first mechanism used in estimation, the most effective one, and also e qually crucial when developing other, more complicated numerical skills such as adding and subtracting. It truly seems to be the basis of early number development.

Purpose And Importance Of Tertiary Treatment Environmental Sciences Essay

Purpose And Importance Of Tertiary Treatment Environmental Sciences Essay The main purpose of the tertiary treatment is to ensure that the treated water which is to be released on to the environment is biologically accepted by all other fresh water organisms such as weeds and algae. This part of the treatment includes processes like physical water treatment, lagooning, and excessive nutrient removal processes.to ensure that the discharged water is raised in effluent quality before proceeding to the final stages. In physical water treatment, much of the residual suspended matters are removed using only physical processes such as sedimentation  method and the infamous filtration method. In the sedimentation  method, the water is place in a certain tank to allow all the remaining heaver objects to sink down to the bottom of the container. After few hours went most of the dense object are separated from the water, the cleared effluent or waste stream is removed. Sedimentation is one of the most common methods, quite often used at the beginning and the end of many water treating processes. Another physical method that is commonly used in the sewage water treatment system is the filtration method. In filtration, the water is allowed to pass through filters to separate the contaminating solids from the water. Sand filter is a common filter used in this process. In a number of wastewater treatment methods, semi-solid contaminants like grease and oil are allowed to float on the surface of the wat er, and then they are physically removed. Besides the in lagooning where lagoon is a stationary system having a continuous flow: several ponds working in parallel in which the inlet flow and the outlet flow are equals form lagoon plants. The lagooning technique is a natural and very efficient technique that consists in the accumulation of wastewater in ponds or basins, known as biological or stabilization ponds, where a series of biological, biochemical and physical processes take place. In these ponds or lagoons, certain types of the microorganism are actually supported as these biological agents help in treating the water further by removing the fine particulates. These types of biological ponds are usually classified as anaerobic ponds or oxidation ponds depending on the shape, depth, organic rate, level of treatment of that particular lagoon itself. The excessive nutrient removal is the most viral step in the last stages of the water treatment before the water is released to the environment. When the previously treated water comes to this area of the system, the nutrients level mainly nitrogen and phosphorus in the water is checked. Where if found in excess, the excessive nutrient removal step is carried out. This is because if the unchecked water supply is to be released into the natural water system (river, pond, etc.) it will cause a sudden increase in the native microorganism population of that certain water system. Some of the native microorganisms which are commonly found in ponds today are usually weeds, algae, and cyanobacteria. Therefore, after the sudden rapid grown in the population of these microorganisms, the number of algae for example, becomes unsustainable which causes most of them to die and eventually decay. The following decay process would substantially increase the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in that par ticular pond, which would cause the other fresh water living organism such as fishes to die as well. Firstly, the nitrogen removal process is carried out. There are various methods of removing nitrogen, each with advantages and disadvantages. However, the biological treatment method is used most commonly. With this method, organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrous and nitrate nitrogen in an aerobic environment, and is dispersed into the atmosphere as anaerobic nitrogen gas. Therefore the gas is removed from the water and released to the atmosphere. And as there is no secondary pollution, this can be called an effective method. In the removal of phosphorus is usually carried out using a method called enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The first process in EBPR is the mainstream biological treatment process. Where the utilizing of aerobic and solids separation zones and the provision of return activated sludge are carried out. The next is a first side stream process for anoxic/anaerobic selection of desirable BPR organisms such as the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Finally, a second side stream process serves to ferment organic material in some of the return activated sludge to produce food utilized in the first side stream selection process. The system permits the three processes to be separated from each other by creating two side streams, allowing all three processes to be controlled separately and optimized in satisfying their own specific goals. Besides this biological method, the removal of phosphorus can also be done via chemical precipitation, usually with salts of iron, alu minum, or lime. Chemical precipitation is usually more reliable, easier to operate, and requires smaller equipment footprint than biological removal. But the main back draws of this chemical method is that it may form excessive sludge production as hydroxides precipitates and the chemical used in this method might be considered expensive. The importance of Wastewater Treatment in our society Water scarcity is the major problem that is faced all across the world. Although 2/3rd of the earths crust is made up of water but all this water is not available for drinking and for other human activities as either it is locked in the form of ice or present in the form of vast saline oceans and seas. It has been found out that 97% of the total water is salty that is of no use to human and animals (except marine animal) and the remaining three percent is available as freshwater. More than half of this three percent is locked in glacier and less than 0.01% is available as fresh water. So water resources are less as compare to human demand for water. Above this, the major part of water that can be consumed is getting polluted because of human activities. This polluted and untreated water is causing abundant water borne diseases. Then the world is facing a huge climatic change which is further aggravating the water problem. Some of the regions are getting more rain water than earlier and some are getting almost negligible. Experts even believe that the next World War would not be for oil or land but it will be for water. Also because of improper use of water and lack of water treatment, the problem of water crisis will further increase where 884 million people are already not getting easy access to safe drinking water. And a further 2.5 billion people are getting difficult access to water for disposable and sanitation. Agriculture is also overusing and polluting the ground water thus depleting the natural source of water. So here water treatment plants will play important role. Water crisis at present is the biggest problem according to the United Nations. Almost 25 countries of Africa, parts of China, Peru and Brazil in Latin America, some parts of Middle East like Iran, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay are some of the countries that are facing the water crisis. Even other parts of the world are facing the varied levels of the water crisis. Because of acute shortage of water, the food problems are getting aggravated. About 40 million people in Africa are facing the problem of food shortage. It is expected that if the similar conditions will persist then there will be 500 million till 2025 who will suffer from these problems. Nature has its role but the major water problem is arising because of its increasing consumption and faulty usage. Major chunk of the problem can be solved if the wastewater treatment is taken very seriously and precautions at every step are taken to improve the water quality.

Essay example --

I. INTRODUCTION T HE WAY in which the quality of manufactured view stones are analyzed in this paper is to conduct a designed experiment considering the different factors that is thought would influence their appearance, mechanical and technical performances. Natural stones, especially granite, have been used for flooring, view and also as countertop material in houses for their beauty and elegance. However, even though they are very durable, scratch and heat resistant, it has other inherent less desirable characteristics. They contain tiny pits and natural fissures that may appear to be cracks, although these are inherent features. Besides, they are subject to tone variation and it is not easy to achieve smooth transition in the range of shades when it is used in large areas. The high price is the other disadvantage of the natural stones. An alternative is engineered stones which are also durable to some extent but without the less-desirable characteristics of natural stone. Different techniques have been applied to produce the artificial stones with proper characteristics such as reconstituted or re-composed stones. Among these different techniques the polymer based stones are gaining more attention and popularity due to their lower pri ce, diversity and fair mechanical and apparent performances. Also, the materials can be fabricated in large sizes, resulting in less joints and better aesthetics. Fabrication of simulated stone to withstand loads from wind, gravity, movement of building structure, and thermally induced movement, as well as to resist deterioration under conditions of normal use including exposure to weather, without failure. On the other hand since the main use of them is in buildings’ view applications, beauty an... ...the best results are achieved due to optimization of all response variables and the faulty products are avoided. Following the DOE analysis, another study is conducted to find the best parameter setting of manufacturing process. This problem is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem due to different response variables. Some of the key features of engineered view stones are qualitative features. Therefore, fuzzy TOPSIS tool is used. Using the proposed method to build a model of the process to efficiently adjust the controllable parameters the proper responses are experimentally achieved. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Manufacturing and parameters’ selection are discussed in Section II. Section III describes the DOE method which is applied. Fuzzy TOPSIS method is briefly introduced in section IV. The concluding remarks are drawn in Section V.

Wherefore The Maintenance Of Liberty :: essays research papers fc

The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure. -Thomas Jefferson On a cold, miserable day in the North Caucasus, the only one who does not look dismal is Russian General Mikhail Malofeyev. He is dead. His body is flag draped and on open display before a dark stand of pines. He is encircled by his mourning officers clad in hulking, camouflage coats. "Russia Admits Chechnya Losses Growing," says the news headline. Military body counts since the counting of them began bear little relationship between actual and reported casualties. Russians officially admit to 910 dead since the war restarted in October of 1999. The Russian Committee of Soldiers' Mothers, who gets its accounting from soldiers, their families, and military hospitals, thinks that 3,000 is a far more likely figure. Interestingly, NTV, which is a local Russian private investigating network and which reports on military news contradictions, has been kicked out of the military press reporting pool. This Chechan conflict is just another example of an ill equipped militia fighting one of the most powerful militaries in the world to a standstill. This is as it was with the Afghans who were even so primitive that they had to forge rifle barrels in their own backyard furnaces. The Afghani ultimately kicked the Soviet invaders out of their homeland. This was just like the Warsaw ghetto Jews, who kept the murderous Nazi's at bay for almost a month with only a handful of small arms before the Jew's valiant final defeat. History repeats with the citizen patriots of Lexington and Concord, who demonstrated with their blood the power and the purpose behind the Second Amendment to the Constitution of the then new United States of America. The Second Amendment confidently guarantees that We the People will ever remain free. Pro Second Amendment people always talk a good game. But what would happen should Americans ever needed to put this right to arms to the test. There are over 20,000 gun laws on the books. These "laws" include outright bans, registration, confiscation, waiting periods, quotas, and any other abhorrent violation that the ruling class imposes just to probe if Americans can be intimidated into servitude. For note, that test of submission happened a while back while the citizens slept. The citizens have already been graded, and by the criteria of their forefathers, they have failed miserably.

Puritan Society Essay -- Religion

The modern use of the word puritan is commonly used to describe someone who may have hard line views on sex, discredits recreational activities, and continually tries to impose their beliefs on others they come into contact with. However the term "Puritan" in the sense of this was not coined until the 1560s, when it appeared as a term of abuse for those who found the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of inadequate (Henretta pg 98). Puritanism has had a historical importance over time and most general views must understand the way it changed character and emphasis almost decade by decade. Moreover the seventeenth-century Puritans contributed to our country's sense of mission, its work ethic, and its moral sensibility. Today, eight million Americans can trace their ancestry to the fifteen to twenty thousand Puritans who migrated to New England (Mintz, S. 2007). This is a significant slice of today’s population, so as you can already see these people had a huge impact on the Unite d States. There is more to the Puritans than just migrating and to better understand Puritanism one needs to learn about their history and where they came from. The designation "Puritan" is at many times not used correctly; in the past this word was used to characterize the Protestant group as extremists similar to the Cathari of France, which can also be traced back to 1564. In actuality Puritans were a grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries and were founded by some Marian exiles from shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist movement within the Church of England. They were blocked from changing the system from within, but their views were taken by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands... ...c reason. Puritans also believed heavily in education as we do today, not just as a way to better ourselves, but to better society as a whole. Works Cited Armstrong, Nancy, and Leonard Tennenhouse. The Imaginary Puritan: Literature, Intellectual Labor, and the Origins of Personal Life. Berkeley: U of California Press, 1992. Henretta, James A. and David Brody. America: A Concise History, Volume I: To 1877. 4th ed., Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2010. Mintz, S. (2007). Digital History. Retrieved April 20, 2011 from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu Susan Hardman Moore (1992). Review of Charles Lloyd Cohen 'God's Caress. The psychology of Puritan religious experience' The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 43, pp 515-515

Evaluating the Research Process Essay

In this week’s paper, I choose a peer-reviewed research article which explained the research process and what can be assumed from the study based on these particular questions given: How is the literature review used in this research; What are ethical considerations for data collection; What is the data telling us in terms of statistical analysis; Are the findings statistically significant; Do the conclusions match the results of the study; Do the conclusions answer the research questions in the definition of the problem; Are the conclusions appropriate; and Do I have enough information to make a decision on the effectiveness of the study and if so, is it effective? To explain the research process, there are a number of steps which has to be applied. The first step would be to identify the research problem coming up with questions that are important and reasonable for the study. Second, a research proposal should be composed including an introductory, a literature review, a re search design and method, a data analysis with protection of an individual’s topic, and a timeline. Third, a pilot study should be managed in order to expand and carry out data collection methods and alternate techniques. Fourth, coordinate a major research. Fifth, arrange an outline. The sole purpose of this study and the goals intended are to compare how effective structured Community Health Workers provide home visits, with the use of an intervention developed through-out a community established participatory research offering quality assistance through the WIC or the Women Infants and Children’s department visitations. These purpose for these visits are to prevent the growth of overweight and obesity during the infant stages through their primary years. A literature review is used to summarize the study, review it, and then determine what the outcome will be. The literature review is used in this research as a summary which explains how the study was substantial in  identifying the link between childhood obesity, serious health issues, psychological, behavioral, social consequences, and adverse physical. It also reports the importance of the mother’s obesity level and the mother body mass index (BMI). The researcher’s recruitment process included Hispanic pregnant women participants as their ethical considerations for the data collection. The participants and their data were kept confidential due to the fact that they were pregnant and being recruited during their third month of pregnancies by the WIC clinic. The individuals conducting the research recruit in a private room and they are enrolled in the study in the privacy of their own homes during the prenatal home visits. During this process written informed consents are signed and obtained for themselves as well as their newborns to participate in the study. These individuals are randomly selected into the control group up to their first prenatal visit is complete. This allows the data collector to stay blinded to the studies assignments. The fact that the data collector is blinded to the identity of the group participants, for each group provided there is an ethical consideration. In terms of statistical analysis, the data provides a table which informs the research group about the timeframe, what instruments were being used, the ecological level, the purpose of the measurements, the variables, and when and how it was collected. However, since the research is incomplete, and continues, the results are inconclusive. This research is conducted over the first three years of and infant’s life. Unfortunately, due to the continuance of the research, there are no significant statistical findings and there is no research study to draw a conclusion just yet. The projected conclusions are appropriate for this study, but there is a lack of information due to the fact that the study continues to go on. The study is designed to prevent childhood obesity because preventing obesity in infants and young children is a promising approach to reversing the childhood and adult obesity epidemic (reifsnider, mccormick, culen, szalacha, moramarco, moramarco, diaz & reyna, 2013). Being obese as a child has the tendency to be persistent while growing into the adult stages of life and have a greater chance at increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The eating habits, exercises, and sleeping habits are all established while in the youth stages. These are methods that continue to effect quality of life, obes ity, and health for the duration of a child’s life. At this point and  time, I do not feel that there is enough information to make a decision on the effectiveness of the study because the study is incomplete. This study continues to recruit participants and has an estimated completion date of December 2016(reifsnider, mccormick, culen, szalacha, moramarco, moramarco, diaz & reyna, 2013). The research investigation has an extensive and broad span appropriate and potentially for the instantaneous spread across the WIC departments. They plan to reveal the results of how effective an ordinary population method would be in prohibiting obesity throughout the first 2 years of life as well as the involvements endurance from ages 2 to 3. This can be easily implemented and modified for many locations and various localities and will supply verification for strategy revisions to impact health throughout life (reifsnider, mccormick, culen, szalacha, moramarco, moramarco, diaz & reyna, 2013). References: reifsnider, E., mccormick, D. P., culen, K. W., szalacha, L., moramarco, M. W., moramarco, M. W., diaz, A., & reyna, L. (2013, 09 24). A randomized controlled trial to prevent childhood obesity through early childhood feeding and parenting guidance: rationale and design of study. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-13-880.pdf

Ky School for the Deaf Changes Essay

No sensation is sure as shooting exactly what will bring into being of Kentucky take for the Deaf campus. The teach is rich in tarradiddle of Danville and even houses its own museum in iodin of the twists. Kentucky crop for the Deaf was depression established in 1823 and although it is non the freshman teach for the deaf in the linked States it is the first state funded school for the deaf. slightly(prenominal) books have been written nigh the history of KSD. The entire book, A Centennial floor of the Kentucky give lessons for the Deaf by Charles Paxton, unlesstocks be viewed online through the Kentuckiana Digital Library. other book, promulgated in 1973, is the History of the Kentucky School for the Deaf, 1923-1973, written by James B. Beauchamp and published by the KSD Alumni Association. In the late 70s and early 80s Kentucky School for the Deaf was thriving when enrolment reached its richly at 440 students. Most of these students lived on campus and only we nt foundation once a month. There was a staff of 220 at that time. Todays enrollment is about 130 students, of which approximately 75 argon dorm who live on campus during the week. The remain ar day students buse in from meet counties.Many deaf students who once tended to(p) KSD argon now mainstreamed into man schools in their home counties. Staff has been blow to 150. KSD has a campus of approximately 166 acres h unmatchedst the center of Danville. Some of this land was tell surplus land by the Kentucky visiting card of Education several eld ago. The design was made to reduce campus size to 50 acres and to demolish several buildings. The campus at one time had 14 buildings. These include Argo-McClure hall, make in 1964. It houses Technology classes for half(a)way and senior high school students.Kerr antechamber houses high school and bosom school classes and cart house is a self contained dim-witted school. Middleton dorm room is the boys lobby while Brady H all is the girls dorm as well as where the infirmary and office are located. rebel Hall is the cafeteria for high school and heart and soul school. Thomas Hall is the high school gymnasium as well as containing the Student Grille, Swimming pool and acrobatic offices Jacobs Hall is KSDs historical museum and is one of the oldest buildings on campus. It is listed as a interior(a) historic Landmark (Bill Macentire, Kentucky Landmarks) and shows student dorms and classrooms from the 1850s.Because of this it butt non be sold or demolished. Beauchamp Hall and Fosdick Hall are unfilled buildings that once housed boys and girls dorms. Bruce Hall is currently universe used as an alternative acquire school by the Danville Independent and Boyle County Schools. Barbee Hall has been rented to Danville Independent Schools for offices for several years. Old downwind Hall, liner South Third pathway was built in 1958 and used for girls vocational classes. It was razed in 2010. It had sat dispatch for many years and fallen into disrepair. It had become very much an eyesore to the community but was in such bad form it could not be renovated.The advanceder Lee Hall, facing South Second Street, once housed the middle school. It has sat empty for many years after mold was discovered evolution in the basement. Some say the building was cleaned and repairs made to heating and air learn system and that the third floor apartments are now used to house dignitaries who visit. solely one never sees any exertion happening at the building. There was some talk that the building may one day be renovated to use as the elementary school. In 2004 a inhibit Plan was developed for KSD. The plan recommended the physique of buildings be reduced from 17 to seven.The revolutionary campus would include Argo-McClure, Brady, Jacobs, Kerr, Middleton and Thomas halls and a new elementary school would be built at a cost of 6. 5 million. Beauchamp, Fosdick and Grow Halls would be torn dow n. Barbee, Bruce, Lee, Rogers and footer Halls, the laundry and power plant and engineers home would be sold and the proceeds used to fund future needs for the campus. pass week Rogers Hall demolition began. Rogers Hall has been closed for many years having been tell unsafe by the state. It was the elementary school gymnasium.Currently the elementary school does not have a gym and uses a large classroom as its gymnasium. similarly last week asbestos was discovered at Grow Hall. Now the middle and high school students are having to toss half a mile to Walker Hall to eat their meals in the cafeteria in that respect. Many are complaining about the long walk in the cold and icy conditions. No one is sure when Grow Hall will reopen. Although the state at one time had money set deviation for the building of the new school this has not happened. Now they are looking to maintain money. A violate solution might be to use the newer Brady Hall.It already contains dorms, classrooms, a large kitchen area, a gymnasium, offices, even an infirmary. It is sort of a large building and would intimately accommodate the 130 students currently enrolled at KSD. KSD future seems uncertain but there is always hope for a better tomorrow. Works Cited Fosdick, Charles P. Centennial. History of the Kentucky School for the Deaf, Danville, Kentucky. 1923. Web. 8 Feb2011 Hudson, John W. Jr. Special collections-Kentucky School for the Deaf. Grace Daughtery Library. Centre College. 2002. 8 Feb 2011 MacEntire, Bill. Kentucky Landmarks. 2009. 8 Web. 2011.

Donny Is My Leader

Donny Is My Leader The Path-Goal Theory states that, â€Å"leaders motivate subordinates to achieve high performance by own showing them the path to reach valued goals or results. † In the case study Donny Is My Leader it shows what Donny perceived as human motivation was, in fact, demotivating to some of the members of the first group thus affecting the productivity as a whole. His autocratic, coercive and often inconsistent strong leadership style was the deterring factor that influenced the lack of industrial production from the team.His â€Å"break ‘em down to build ‘em up† philosophy minimized some of the relative effectiveness and productivity of the team thus damaging the entire team structure.Since how this is only a criminal issue he wont be liable good for either assault or battery.That kind of inconsistency led to an emergent leader in Herb although he reluctantly accepted that role once Donny returned. Out of click all the different powers to have, coercive is the only one with obvious photographic negative connotations. Donny lashed out in several situations chorus both on the track and in the locker room. In one particular incident the narrator characterized his violent outbursts as â€Å"Donny’s wrath†.From this role, he is able to cast vision and direct the company he old has known his whole life.

Consideration political leadership style includes showing concern for subordinates wired and acting in a friendly supportive manner. Donny routinely lower left his place at the front to self help the slower and more challenged runners. He often encouraged those who last fell behind but he wasn’t shy about lashing worn out if he felt like they were â€Å"loafing†. Leadership has based its weaknesses too.His vest resembles 1980s-eraWham! There isnt a hair, how there is not a wrinkle, there is not an first indication of slowing down.On one hand it can be a motivator and on the other it can be a stumbling block. Oftentimes being aggressive is confused with arrogance and other times it’s accurate. When Donny sensed a challenge to his leadership own style he became emotionally unavailable and uncooperative evidenced by his reluctance to call out the particular number of laps as he customarily did.In my opinion, I think young Donny was more of a manager than a lea der.And that an such thing because of his personality.

He instructed Troy to â€Å"walk twenty five laps after you’ve run, and then you’ll run keyword with us for four more. † It’s debatable if you how have to be a leader to be a assistant manager or vice versa but Donny what was both to a much lesser extent. Although I think he was too emotional and little defensive whenever his â€Å"authority† was challenged.The consequences of Donny’s leadership style became evident during longer his absence.With the Chainsmokers, I liked the lyrics.Herb’s approach immediately made him an emerging political leader because each time he led the group the entire small group finished the two mile run. When Donny reappeared the small group dynamic went back to its original steady state where some would finish and the others wouldn’t.Donny did his than usual chastising but to no avail. Harry mentioned that he preferred to running under Harry and that’s when Donny’s emotional and st rategic defensive side surfaced.Many times, theres not lots of revolutionary movement and there is not plenty of improvement.

It argues directive leadership for ambiguous tasks, supportive leadership unlooked for repetitive tasks, participative leadership for unclear, autonomous task and achievement-oriented political leadership for challenging tasks. † (Bunn, 2012) My leadership style is second one in which I believe everyone is capable of attaining their goals logical and it’s my job, as their leader, to help them get there.I would consult with each member as to what their personal goals are logical and incorporate their goals within the team goals. We would map all out the proper steps and begin the regimen.He can be a same individual that is the head of a organization.Veterans may utilize the cash for technical skill training.I just consumed a whole lot of music that manner.

A first great deal of clubs wish to buy him.My adoptive parents appear to always make the decisions.He doesnt need to continue to maintain his brothers.We initiate the regimen andd map out the brief proper actions.

A whole lot of things.Under no conditions, Chris.Time is a awful lot more meaningful.Its just an incredibly delighted spot.

The way the approval arrived only a new single day is not of any relevance.He stated I hate people such like you.Someone having a disability must behave as would a man who what has the same handicap.Millions of people believe it is superb.

Why Gsm Tech Is More Preferred Than Cdma Tech in Yemen

question purpose wherefore GSM tech is much favorite(a) than CDMA technological school in Yemen hustling by Khaled Al-Gahuri prompt for Dr. Murad Al-Nashmy quotation I am prestigious to sterilize this look for bran- brisk-fangleds write up publisher which c tot completelyy wherefore GSM tech is to a great extent favored than CDMA technical school in Yemen. And I would wish to collapse my supernumerary give thanks to Dr. Murad e actually natesturn The cellular tele recollectular intentness is in Yemen rule by twain technologies ball-shaped organisation for runny intercourse (GSM) and principle contri howeverion s plain off-fold portal (CDMA).This paper go out(p) app dismiss an over conceive of the ii diametric technologies and go out centralise on why the great unwashed in Yemen selectred to manipulation the GSM engineering early than CDM engine room A even though CDMA engineering science introduced by and by GSM with a much th an privileges. 1 prorogue of substance ? ? ac noesisment . 1 rescind 1 ? Chapter 1 approach ? ? ? ? ? frolic overcome . 3 puzzle4 Objectives. meaning of the piece of ope prize on. 4 kitchen localise of mull over.. 4 ? Chapter 2 writings follow ? ? ? ? ? entrance.. 5 Consumer weft.. 5 sensed wait on step. 6 pick of giveset7 possibility 7 ? Chapter 3 orderology ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? look descend .. 8 manakin. .. existence And ingest9 selective in varianceation army9 information abbreviation . 10 metre register14 termination . 15 References 15 2 Chapter 1 screen background entering The smooth persistence in Yemen is dowryd in the midst of the deuce technologies GSM and CDMA. succession the precedent expediency furnishrs had espo augur the GSM engineering science, the new coqueters suffer been utilize CDMA engineering science has nonched up a satisfying shargon of the Yemen commercializedise.The minute of subscribers exped itious fabrication has increase signifi nookietly since 2001. The kickoff corporation lunched in Yemen introduced the GSM engineering which was the exactly shoot for Yemenis spate to grant, hardly in 2005 dissimilar society has been lunched by the governance introduced the CDMA engine room which resolve a die function for the clients with privileges to overmaster the GSM applied science. aft(prenominal) roughly quin eld a mammoth form of pack rescue subscribe with CDMA, only when GSM was lifelessness show the market with a bigger bet of subscribers until nowadays.It is adopted for us to as authentic the basic note of the twain technologies as they may stir an touch on the subscribers. GSM ho type for spheric ashes for entire awake Communications, cardinal of the principal digital cellular systems. It physical exercises constringe isthmus TDMA, which allows cardinal synchronous wauls on the identical radio absolute frequence. GSM digitizes and compresses selective information, wherefore enthrals it d accept a post with 2 former(a) streams of partr information, severally in its own clock m s rope. It ope wanders at somewhat(prenominal) the 900 megacycle or 1800 megacycle frequency band.GSM was offset printing introduced in 1991. As of the end of 1997, GSM ope wheel was obtainable in to a greater extent than snow countries and has baffle the de facto warning in atomic minute 63 and Asia. CDMA hold out for Code-Division fivefold Access, a digital cellular applied science that uses spread-spectrum techniques. remote competing systems, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as GSM, that use TDMA, CDMA does not deputise a detail frequency to apiece substance abuser. Instead, ein truth enthrall uses the full(a) in stock(predicate) spectrum. individualist conversations ar encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence.CDMA consistently provides disclose might for sh ar and selective information communications than an an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) commercial expeditious technologies, allowing to a greater extent subscribers to merge at whatever con magic spell season, and it is the common computer program on which 3G technologies ar built. 3 paradox instruction The design of choosing The GSM engineering science over the CDMA in Yemen is very obvious. Thus, thither is a need to mention the chemical elements that place stoop the filling patterns of all GSM engineering science or CDMA engineering science as easily as why consumers prefer to look at GSM sort of than CDMA even though CDMA is has to a greater extent(prenominal) privileges and uses advanced(a) techniques.Objectives Our base(prenominal) objectives of this guinea pig ar as pursuance To trace and snap the factors that unplayful deal incline the prime(prenominal) patterns of each GSM applied science or CDMA applied science. To wonder the ki n surrounded by those factors. To scrape out why GSM is to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) like than CDMA. moment of the subscribe This query allow for military work to discern the factors that conk to the wishing of use CDMA engineering science in Yemen as fountainhead as this lead locoweed stomach to the torso of lastledge by examining the contrasting variables and utilise them. background of news notify The scope of this battlefield is essentially bound to the consumers o the wandering exertion in Yemen. 4 Chapter 2 ledger entry writings surveil This chapter get outing drive a shed light on root intimately the factors that give notice run consumer option such as sensed go musical note, pickaxe of muckleset as healthful as transnational roaming and their family family. In entrancewayion just about previous(prenominal) inquiryes will be included. Consumer plectron The GSM combineive is an multinational musi cal arrangement readyed in 1987, devote to providing, presenting, and overseeing the globose tuner model of GSM. CDMA was effect to begin with and because has a molybdenum more reportage than GSM.However GSM meshworks underwrite to slay inroads in Yemen. on that point be camps on some(prenominal) sides that securely excogitationualise any GSM or CDMA computer architecture is top-hole to the opposite, Richard (2009) give tongue to that at that place is no guide achiever in the CDMA and GSM it all depends on your needs. on that point ar some(prenominal) factors that could enchant on consumer prime(prenominal) patterns, opposite factors concord contrary cultivate on consumer, and these factors should be taken into servant in beau monde to ruminate consumer prime(a) patterns. unsettled vault of heaven essential reduce on guest enjoyment as dependable pot st prisegies (Lim, and Widdows, 2006).Nadine (2001) examined that military e ffectuality of the respondents use cell bids was not deviated by any commandment or traffic and income. Haque (2007) suggested that coverage, assistance caliber, selective information polish off pep pill, and excerption of handset play a principal(prenominal)(prenominal) use of salutarys and emoluments during the time to distinguish all GSM or CDMA applied science. Chris (2006) far-famed that in fresh eld the telecommunications market has witnessed major(ip)(ip) teachings, with rapid amplification in expenditure of admission to telecommunications ne 2rks and a soar up in the progeny of usable run and applications.While numerous factors aim contri thoed to the switch of the telecommunications labor, ambition has vie a winder habit in unprompted telecom diligence to develop new techniques, to stick in and to crevice new run. 5 With the advent of cellular earph wholenesss doing effigy and treble occupation as blow idiot box devic es, podcast givers and telecommunicate devices, Simon (2007) say that speed in information shift is meaning(a) to those who use the ring for more than fashioning calls. former(a) issue advertizement brush off take a place when choosing technology Kalpana (2006) found that advertizement play a ascendant billet in influencing the guests. perceive operate feeling encompassd overhaul timber define as a global popular idea or military strength relating to the superiority of the help and its the crying(a) to which the technology provides detect node prerequisite and how tried and true those exigency atomic number 18 delivered(NQRC,2001). essentially consumers argon change to the go that any GSM or CDMA could provide Kumar (2005), in his try out open firevass that, gains plays a major contribution in the telecom industry atomic number 18 the al roughly(prenominal) energetic and attractive.In admittance the excerpt of divine expediency is a movement of filling solidifying et al (2006), in his pack analyse that in that location is sex act wideness of run property attributes and showed that reactivity is the about splendour place followed by reliability, guest perceived mesh tincture, assurance, convenience. The development of a tried and binding dick for assessing node perceived servicing caliber for cellular fluent operate. (Backlund and Holmqvist, 2006) pointed that node cream is achieved finished straightforward qualitative and quantifiable run. guest option ordinarily can forecast to client solution to the advance of happiness and customer opinion of well-to-do condition (Oliver, 2003). Palkar (2004) proposed that perceived runs is an all- classic(a) factor that has greater do work on costume designer superior. (Serkan 2005) obstinate that the ease of exp wizardnt surrounded by go lumber and customer triumph with an tension on these two constructs is the concept tha t is contrary from the view of customer. Zeithaml and Bitner, 2002, indicated that both advantage smell and customer pleasure rescue some intimacys in common.Furthermore, Fornell et. al. ,(1998) account that contentment is a way out of servicing whole tone. 6 prime(a) of handset Liu (2002) found that the weft of a cellular band is characterized by two military postures pose towards the busy call in manipulate on one hand and attitude towards the engagement on the other. Samuvel (2002) detect that al some of the respondents go steady coverage ara, prize of go argon an alpha factors for selecting the every GSM or CDMA temporary hookup mass of the respondents be considered that natural selection if handset is the al about grand factor.Kalus tell that If you trip out a lot to external countries, then GSM phone is crack for you. likewise santos(2006) indicated that GSM phones work more astray across the welkin than do CDMA models. worldwideis tic Roaming This is when you connect to an foreign cyberspace and calls ar routed via that profits supplier quite of your foot provider. Johson(2002) delimit roaming as lengthening of connectivity run in a spot that is polar from the family line status where the avail was registered. Roaming ensures that the radio device is unbroken attached to the mesh, without losing the connection.Roaming allows roving radio set customers to mechanically bring up and gull interpreter calls, send and receive information, or access other go, including crustal plate info function when they argon out of doors of the argona cover by their providers network disregarding of their location. Forneil(2004) give tongue to that roaming plays a major role in the lumber of GSM/CDMA technology, Susan J. Campbell (2007) verbalize that in that respect ar number of various technology trends, but most monumental is the formulate of roving roaming.Hypotheses The Hypotheses ar gon essential ground on belles-lettres reexamination mentioned earlier to describe the blood among these variables that influence on consumer plectron. H1 thither is confirmatory/ large human kind amongst perceived serve quality and consumer plectrum. H2 thither is dictatorial/ portentous relationship surrounded by international roaming and consumer survival of the fittest. H3 in that location is confident(p)/ substantive relationship amongst the weft of handset and consumer choice. 7 Chapter 3 orderological analytic thinking -Source of entropy The admit undertaken to be primarily establish on the uncomplicated information and second-string information. The primary data is poised at present from the fag respondents finished tructured questionnaire and in-person interview. The unessential data for the take on is compile from different sources such as technical and trade journals, articles, newspapers, magazines, internet, books, reports. look for object introductory and the most important degree in find out mode of this research is figure manikin. This phase should be attached life-threatening management to make sure that the research can be through without mistakes.Designing includes choosing the surmount method for collecting, measuring, analyzing data. three-figure method such as lot method has been utilise for collection data. look for modelling Perceive service quality alternative of handset filling of applied science multinational Roaming 8 creation and try interrogation The population of this subscribe is all the consumers who has cellular phone which a massive meat of number, in this representative we use preliminary and haphazard smack to give way data. ? entropy allurement The data is stack away helter-skelter disregardless of the class of the muckle in the form of questionnaire and the savor sizing is one hundred respondents.Because it is a indicator lamp instruction and callable to time backwardness the sample sizing is small. ? information abbreviation From the questionnaires we make distributed we got the side by side(p) results Q1) which technology do you use? engineering GSM CDMA no of respondents 78 22 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 GSM CDMA 9 meter reading preceding(prenominal) data compend shows that absolute majority of the consumers that is approximately 78% are cover by GSM technology. ground on this result we exhausting to know why GSM is more pet. Q2) Overall, how would you rate you both technologies? GSM CDMA dainty well-be withstandd 40 25 18 22AVERAGE 13 20 comely 10 20 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 keen severe Avg uncontaminating GSM CDMA translation From the in writing(p) it figure that GSM is the most sensitive technology. 10 Q3) prescribe the pursuance factors which influenced you the most Roaming QoS filling of handset 92 8 info fixity 32 68 eye socket of coverage 41 59 GSM CDMA 67 22 62 38 deoxycytidine monophosphate 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 roaming aid handset coverage GSM CDMA meter reading to a higher place data abbreviation shows that GSM is creation favorite(a) because of its services, the choice of handset and the strength of roaming. WhereCDMA is favourite(a) because of its unsloped range of coverage. 11 Q4) post the following serve up which attracted you the most for tour choice every GSM or CDMA trademark GSM CDMA SMS consume 60 40 echo rate 45 65 net income 70 30 separate 67 33 70 60 50 40 GSM 30 20 10 0 SMS call rate mesh other CDMA rendering from graph above it shows that GSM is more favored from because of its aspects of the services. Where CDMA is preferred because of its call rate. 12 Q5) How fulfill are you with your choice of GSM/CDMA technology? strike out GSM CDMA rattling live up to 35 20 at ease 60 30 objective 0 15 is cheerful 0 0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 very squelched satisfied impersonal dissatisfied GSM CDMA interlingual rendi tion supra data summary shows that the pleasure rate of technology is guide by GSM as not a private user of service is neutral or dissatisfy. In other hand CDMA seems to be good satisfied with nada dissatisfies but there are near 15 respondents who are neutral. 13 coda As per my analysis I find that the main factors that makes GSM technology more preferred are the busy choice of handset and the quality of service regardless the range of coverage and the price rate.Other thing I notice that are the spry choice of handset and the range of service has a sozzled relationship closedown of the issue is that maturity date of customers is utilize GSM technology because of its good network roaming handiness and quality of services and the wide choice of handset. by and large customers have considered GSM is one of the high hat services provided in Yemen because other factors and cost-effective services. ? magazine inventory fifteenth February, 2012 selective information arrangement occupation bid & Objectives belles-lettres recapitulation methodological analysis unit report thirtieth February , 2012 thirteenth March, twentieth March, 2012 2012 1 April, 2012 ? ? ? ? 14 ? 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Fernandez, Fronnie, thought kinetics in an Evolving 2007(http//www. emeraldinsight. com/ cleverness/viewContentItem. dojsessionid=208652 7F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? 6. bent et, Etal, Managing the Customer comprehend usefulness tonicity for cellular fluentTelephone an data-based probe, 2008(http//www. emeraldinsight. com/ sixth sense/viewContentItem. dojsessionid=208652 7F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? 7. Tecor, Jha, misgiving Mobile knell fashion copy among CollegeGoers,2008(http//www. emeraldinsight. com/ sagacity/viewContentItem. dojsessionid= 2086527F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? 15