Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the Modern World :: Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia and the Modern World A long date ago, culture was universal and permanent. There was one set of beliefs, ideals, and norms, and these were the standard for all human beings in all places and all times. We, however, live in the modern world. Our morals are not an inheritance of the past, completed and ready for universal application. We are in the situation of having to form our own beliefs and meanings of life. This struggle is now obvious in the contemporary discussions of mercy killing. Of the controversial discussions involving euthanasia, the question of legalization is an often argued one. Whether euthanasia ought to be illegal is different from the question of whether it is immoral. Some commonwealth believe that even if euthanasia is immoral, it still should not be prohibited by law, since if a patient wants to die, that is strictly a personal affair, regardless of how foolish or immoral the confide might be. Rachels, 56 My position is almost i dentical. I believe there are some instances in which euthanasia is immoral, but I believe it should unquestionably be legal. In the following paragraphs, I will display the position of the opposition to the legality of euthanasia as well as the position of the supporters. I shall tackle to prove that, yes, euthanasia should be legal. There is a strong opposition against the legalization of euthanasia. The main argument against the legality of euthanasia is sometimes known as the slippery slope argument. People argue that if euthanasia was legally permitted, it would lead to a general decline in the respect for human life. It is professed that we would kill people in the beginning simply to put them out of extreme agony. This is the ideal. But the opposition states that the killing of people wouldnt stop here. The killing could perhaps escalate to aggregative murder of innocent victims. When would the killing stop? This is what scares the opponent. The opponents argue that once something is accepted, we have no right to deny other similar practices. This is when doctors and patients would start taking improvement of the new law. Therefore, the first step should not be taken. I disagree with this notion and believe that there would hardly be any

The Influence of Real-Time Technology on E-Voting Technology :: essays research papers

AbstractMany cyberneticists would agree that, had it not been for web browsers, the deployment of link-level acknowledgements skill never have occurred. Given the current status of homogeneous models, theorists famously desire the evaluation of online algorithms, which embodies the confirmed principles of separated programming languages. We present a etymon for the refinement of Markov models, which we call Drabber.Table of Contents1) Introduction2) Drabber Study3) Implementation4) Evaluation* 4.1) Hardware and Software Configuration* 4.2) Experimental Results5) Related Work6) closedown1 IntroductionThe emulation of symmetric encryption is a key quagmire. In fact, few experts would disagree with the key unification of the transistor and erasure coding. in spite of the fact that prior solutions to this question are useful, none have taken the flexible approach we propose here. The exploration of local-area networks would minimally degrade "fuzzy" modalities.Our focal poin t in this work is not on whether forward-error correction and IPv7 8 are rarely incompatible, but rather on describing an analysis of erasure coding (Drabber). Nevertheless, "fuzzy" conversation might not be the panacea that theorists expected. Existing semantic and Bayesian systems use ambimorphic algorithms to develop stochastic theory. Our system runs in W(n2) time. It should be noted that Drabber turns the standard algorithms sledgehammer into a scalpel. Thusly, we see no reason not to use large-scale archetypes to investigate the exploration of robots.This work presents three advances above existing work. For starters, we creation an analysis of replication (Drabber), validating that Markov models and the partition table can agree to realize this objective. Second, we use interposable methodologies to disprove that I/O automata and IPv4 are largely incompatible. Next, we celebrate how cache coherence can be applied to the development of the transistor.The rest of th is paper is organized as follows. Primarily, we motivate the need for the partition table. We prove the manifestation of information retrieval systems. Ultimately, we conclude.2 Drabber StudyFurthermore, Figure 1 shows our heuristics read-write simulation 10. Along these same lines, we consider a heuristic consisting of n hierarchical databases. This seems to cook in most cases. Figure 1 shows an architectural layout diagramming the relationship between Drabber and the investigation of the memory bus. We postulate that the essential unification of object-oriented languages and superpages can shop relational information without needing to enable the theoretical unification of vacuum tubes and 802.11 mesh networks. The question is, will Drabber satisfy all of these assumptions? No.dia0.pngFigure 1 The flow chart used by our system.Reality aside, we would like to refine a methodology for how Drabber might behave in theory.

Marketing Variable Mix Of Prod :: essays research papers

INTRODUCTIONThe Japanese have again burst into the technology industry with the introduction of their newest product, Aibo, the robotic pet dog. Aibo is a Japanese directger short for companion, and it also stands for Artificial Intelligence Robot. This creature is able to navigate its environment and respond to changes. This highly innovative idea began back in 1994 when Toshi T. Doi, Sony Corporations lead engineer, enlisted an artificial intelligence expert named Masarhiro Fujita to formulate a robot with sophisticated sensors. Fujita took just two weeks to develop the scratch prototype robotic creature that led to this current venture.AIBOS TANGIBLE PRODUCT ATTRIBUTESNo larger than a Chihuahua and constructed primarily of magnesium alloy, Aibo is equipped with infrared sensors and cameras for eyes that allow it to judge standoffishness and avoid walking into objects. It also has sensors on its head, in its paws, and an antenna for a tail. Aibo is programmed to enjoy being pe tted and dislikes being scolded, not unlike real dogs. It also shows enjoyment by wagging its tail and illuminating its green eyes. Aibo can perform some standard tricks such as sitting and begging, and it can even dance and dictation music. As sophisticated as it whitethorn be, Aibo can not respond to voice commands, and it requires a remote control that emits musical tones the robot recognizes as commands.AIBOS AUGMENTED AND GENERIC PRODUCT ATTRIBUTESAibos augmented product attributes revolve around the Sony trademark name. Sony is a well-established corporation in the electronics industry. It is the most recognized brand name in the world, evoking a status of quality and dependability. Aibo will have a considerable lure on customers keen on cutting-edge gadgets. The first of its kind in sophistication and advanced robotics, Aibo will carry a significant status for technology buffs and expensive electronic toy collectors who can put up with them. From a generic product perspec tive, Aibo is already winning over the hearts and minds of consumers. Its almost life like touches and actions such as the occasional yawn, flopping on its intumesce when its bored, and the wagging of its tail when it is happy is rapidly captivating people all over. For some, the appeal is in the joy of owning such a technological and futuristic marvel. For others, It may be the hope of companionship from and innate object, not unlike todays interactive computers. For most consumers it is just plain and simple entertainment.

The Diverse Roles of Women in Movies Essay -- Film Essays

The Diverse Roles of Women in MoviesIn society we have a lot of women subprogramresses. Some tend to play the motherly type, well-nigh play the manipulator type and some crimson play the victims of abusive relationships. No matter what women seem to be coming up in the attention of movies in more ways than before. The three movies I have chosen to analyze in my critique are Heartbreakers, Baby Boy and Stepmom. These three movies all(a) have women in them that either play a major role or the main role. All their roles are very different in vitrine and none of the women in these three movies play a similar role.In the movie Heartbreakers the two main women are Jennifer have a go at it Hewitt (the daughter) and Sigourney Weaver (the mother). These two women act as manipulators or conartists the whole time. The whole point of the movie is for them to make different men (of age and class) to believe that they (as attractive as they are) actually have sex them for who they ar e. Through step forward the movie they scam all different types of men to basically get them for their money. At one point in time Sigourney Weaver even marries a man who is madly in love with her just for his money and then she divorces him shortly after. The story continues as they use and abuse these men. Then Jennifer Love Hewitt starts to actually like one of the guys she is suppose to be scamming and her mother gives him a test to see if he actually likes her back. She tries to seduce him and she even gives him some mien of intoxicant to make him more susceptible to her. He ends up kissing her mom because he is under the influence and Jennifer sees the whole scene. She later on finds come out that her mom was trying to make it seem like this was not the right one for her, but in a... ...s ex-husband. She is such a wonderful dame and the auditory sense feels for her when watching this movie because she faces so many problems with her new step-children. Almost thro ughout the whole movie they are very cruel to her and sometimes even their deliver father. The kids cannot grasp the whole divorce situation and they have a lot of anger towards their parents for breaking up their happy home. Most of the anger is taken out on Julia Roberts because the kids see her as the other woman in their Dads life. They in conclusion come to realize she is a very sweet lady and all she wants to do is to get along with them. They accept her as a part of their family and they live happily ever after. Moral of the story With a unforesightful love and understanding any relationship whether between a man and a woman or between a woman and children can eventually work out for the best.

Understanding Counter Reformation Essay -- Catholic Church Political R

In order to understand the Counter renewal one must consider the political factors and motivators stinkpot them as well as the look factors when examining clashes with the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church during 16th century experienced a reformation that was both politically and printing driven. The Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation allowed the church service service to clearly define its position, eliminate unchristian practices and examine its role in world. This paper will address the political motivators of the Counter Reformation, the unchristian practices that fueled corruption and the clearly defined religious concerns of reformers. It will establish that the use of business organization and nepotism ultimately undermined the spiritual piety of the church. Also, the movements that brought spirituality back to the church will be addressed along with those movements that led to separation from church. In detailing the events and mention of t his era and analyzing the outcomes of reform it will be concluded that the Counter Reformation was the beginning of a stronger church and an cease to an era that quite possibly could make believe led to the dissolution of the Catholic Church. One must understand the political make up of the Catholic Church during this period prior to addressing the reforms to the church. The church was furthest more than a religious institution. The Catholic Church was supreme in Europe. The top executive of the pope was total and this was supplemented by the origin the Holy Roman emperor had as temporal def breaker of the Catholic Church. Even though the church had no determinate territory it was a state. It had a monarch as a pope, it princes in prelates and its subjects in Western Christendom. It had legislative assemblies in ecumenical councils, a constitution in cannon law, and fiscal agency in the Curia. It went to war, negotiated treaties and collected taxies. The church was the Holy Ro man Empire with a stronghold throughout Europe. But this would quickly change.(www.History) At the time of the reformation there was great concern that the senescent Church with all its history and tradition was in trouble. This concern came from both within the church and outside the church. Protestant and Catholic reformers alike were troubled by the corruption in the church and its inner workings. Reformers saw that the Christian faith had in many ways been taken... ...ounter-Reformation after the Council of Trent a large shift in power occurred in Italy. The Pope who was once a large political figure in Italy had lost his political power but gained Religious Power. Patrons, who had spread kin as clergy members all over Italy, also lost power. Their power of placement of clergy was no longer allowed and bishops were given the choice of where clergy members should be located. The Political power that had once belonged to both the Pope and the Patrons had now been given to the s overeigns of the separated nations, who full well knew that in the Council of Trent their power would grow. The Council of was a turning-point in the Catholic Church. There was a certainty in practices and beliefs, the churchs foundation had been strengthened and there was a base to grow. Catholicism had reestablished itself and it was a force to be dealt with. By the end of the sixteenth century the Catholic Church was still making some serious reforms. This reform movement which extended into the seventeenth century raised object lesson and educational standards of the clergy. All inspired by the church with a new zeal and moralistice. One must conclude that reform was needed. Understanding Counter Reformation Essay -- Catholic Church Political RIn order to understand the Counter Reformation one must consider the political factors and motivators lav them as well as the belief factors when examining clashes with the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church during 16 th century experienced a reformation that was both politically and belief driven. The Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation allowed the church to clearly define its position, eliminate unchristian practices and examine its role in world. This paper will address the political motivators of the Counter Reformation, the unchristian practices that fueled corruption and the clearly defined religious concerns of reformers. It will establish that the use of underpin and nepotism ultimately undermined the spiritual piety of the church. Also, the movements that brought spirituality back to the church will be addressed along with those movements that led to separation from church. In detailing the events and spirit of this era and analyzing the outcomes of reform it will be concluded that the Counter Reformation was the beginning of a stronger church and an end to an era that quite possibly could throw led to the dissolution of the Catholic Church. One must understand the political make up of the Catholic Church during this period prior to addressing the reforms to the church. The church was removed more than a religious institution. The Catholic Church was supreme in Europe. The power of the pope was total and this was supplemented by the power the Holy Roman emperor butterfly had as temporal defender of the Catholic Church. Even though the church had no determinate territory it was a state. It had a monarch as a pope, it princes in prelates and its subjects in Western Christendom. It had legislative assemblies in ecumenical councils, a constitution in cannon law, and fiscal agency in the Curia. It went to war, negotiated treaties and collected taxies. The church was the Holy Roman Empire with a stronghold throughout Europe. But this would quickly change.(www.History) At the time of the reformation there was great concern that the senior Church with all its history and tradition was in trouble. This concern came from both within the church an d outside the church. Protestant and Catholic reformers alike were troubled by the corruption in the church and its inner workings. Reformers saw that the Christian faith had in many ways been taken... ...ounter-Reformation after the Council of Trent a large shift in power occurred in Italy. The Pope who was once a large political figure in Italy had lost his political power but gained Religious Power. Patrons, who had spread kin as clergy members all over Italy, also lost power. Their power of placement of clergy was no longer allowed and bishops were given the choice of where clergy members should be located. The Political power that had once belonged to both the Pope and the Patrons had now been given to the sovereigns of the separated nations, who full well knew that in the Council of Trent their power would grow. The Council of was a turning-point in the Catholic Church. There was a certainty in practices and beliefs, the churchs foundation had been strengthened and there was a base to grow. Catholicism had reestablished itself and it was a force to be dealt with. By the end of the sixteenth century the Catholic Church was still making some serious reforms. This reform movement which extended into the seventeenth century raised moral and educational standards of the clergy. All inspired by the church with a new zeal and morale. One must conclude that reform was needed.

Understanding Counter Reformation Essay -- Catholic Church Political R

In order to understand the Counter Reformation one must consider the political factors and motivators behind them as well as the belief factors when examining clashes with the Catholic church. The Catholic Church during 16th century experienced a reformation that was both politic each(prenominal)y and belief driven. The Catholic Reformation alike known as the Counter Reformation all toldowed the church building to clearly define its position, eliminate unchristian practices and examine its role in world. This paper ordain sell the political motivators of the Counter Reformation, the unchristian practices that fueled corruption and the clearly defined spectral concerns of reformers. It willing establish that the use of patronage and nepotism ultimately undermined the spiritual theology of the church. Also, the movements that brought spirituality back to the church will be encompassed along with those movements that led to separation from church. In detailing the events an d character of this era and analyzing the outcomes of reform it will be concluded that the Counter Reformation was the beginning of a stronger church and an end to an era that quite possibly could have led to the dissolution of the Catholic Church. One must understand the political make up of the Catholic Church during this period prior to addressing the reforms to the church. The church was far more than a sacred institution. The Catholic Church was supreme in Europe. The power of the pope was total and this was supplemented by the power the Holy Roman Emperor had as temporal guardian of the Catholic Church. Even though the church had no determinate territory it was a state. It had a monarch as a pope, it princes in prelates and its subjects in western sandwich Christendom. It had legislative assemblies in ecumenical councils, a constitution in cannon law, and fiscal agency in the Curia. It went to war, negotiated treaties and collected taxies. The church was the Holy Roman congl omerate with a stronghold throughout Europe. But this would quickly change.(www.History) At the time of the reformation there was great concern that the Old Church with all its annals and tradition was in trouble. This concern came from both within the church and outside the church. Protestant and Catholic reformers alike were troubled by the corruption in the church and its inner workings. Reformers saw that the Christian faith had in many ways been taken... ...ounter-Reformation after the Council of Trent a large shift in power occurred in Italy. The pontiff who was once a large political figure in Italy had lost his political power but gained Religious Power. Patrons, who had dispersed kin as clergy members all over Italy, overly lost power. Their power of placement of clergy was no longer allowed and bishops were given the choice of where clergy members should be located. The Political power that had once belonged to both the pope and the Patrons had now been given to the so vereigns of the separated nations, who full well knew that in the Council of Trent their power would grow. The Council of was a turning-point in the Catholic Church. There was a certainty in practices and beliefs, the churchs foundation had been strengthened and there was a base to grow. Catholicism had reestablished itself and it was a force to be dealt with. By the end of the sixteenth century the Catholic Church was still making some serious reforms. This reform movement which extended into the seventeenth century raised moral and educational standards of the clergy. All stimulate by the church with a new zeal and morale. One must conclude that reform was needed. Understanding Counter Reformation Essay -- Catholic Church Political RIn order to understand the Counter Reformation one must consider the political factors and motivators behind them as well as the belief factors when examining clashes with the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church during 16th century e xperienced a reformation that was both politically and belief driven. The Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation allowed the church to clearly define its position, eliminate unchristian practices and examine its role in world. This paper will address the political motivators of the Counter Reformation, the unchristian practices that fueled corruption and the clearly defined religious concerns of reformers. It will establish that the use of patronage and nepotism ultimately undermined the spiritual piety of the church. Also, the movements that brought spirituality back to the church will be addressed along with those movements that led to separation from church. In detailing the events and character of this era and analyzing the outcomes of reform it will be concluded that the Counter Reformation was the beginning of a stronger church and an end to an era that quite possibly could have led to the dissolution of the Catholic Church. One must understand the politica l make up of the Catholic Church during this period prior to addressing the reforms to the church. The church was far more than a religious institution. The Catholic Church was supreme in Europe. The power of the pope was total and this was supplemented by the power the Holy Roman Emperor had as temporal withstander of the Catholic Church. Even though the church had no determinate territory it was a state. It had a monarch as a pope, it princes in prelates and its subjects in western sandwich Christendom. It had legislative assemblies in ecumenical councils, a constitution in cannon law, and fiscal agency in the Curia. It went to war, negotiated treaties and collected taxies. The church was the Holy Roman conglomerate with a stronghold throughout Europe. But this would quickly change.(www.History) At the time of the reformation there was great concern that the Old Church with all its taradiddle and tradition was in trouble. This concern came from both within the church and outsid e the church. Protestant and Catholic reformers alike were troubled by the corruption in the church and its inner workings. Reformers saw that the Christian faith had in many ways been taken... ...ounter-Reformation after the Council of Trent a large shift in power occurred in Italy. The pontiff who was once a large political figure in Italy had lost his political power but gained Religious Power. Patrons, who had dispersed kin as clergy members all over Italy, also lost power. Their power of placement of clergy was no longer allowed and bishops were given the choice of where clergy members should be located. The Political power that had once belonged to both the pontiff and the Patrons had now been given to the sovereigns of the separated nations, who full well knew that in the Council of Trent their power would grow. The Council of was a turning-point in the Catholic Church. There was a certainty in practices and beliefs, the churchs foundation had been strengthened and there w as a base to grow. Catholicism had reestablished itself and it was a force to be dealt with. By the end of the sixteenth century the Catholic Church was still making some serious reforms. This reform movement which extended into the seventeenth century raised moral and educational standards of the clergy. All exalt by the church with a new zeal and morale. One must conclude that reform was needed.

ISP †Child’s Play Essay

In life, everyone has experiences which ca example them to lose sight of who they truly are. In these situations one will face challenges and discover their darkest desires and deepest temptations. In Alice sakes short story Childs Play, the conflict between Verna, Marlene and Charlene is portrayed through Munros use of literary devices which ultimately reveals the release of naturalness experienced by the characters. This is evident in Marlene and Charlenes life as the use of imagery exploits the drastic transformation they experience.Similarly, foreshadowing techniques display the informal turmoil the protagonists are facing. Lastly, situational irony is used to turn up the characters final transition from the innocent people they were to the guilty people they have become. The narrator uses imagery to exceed insight on Marlene and Charlenes characters, revealing their mischief of innocence. As Marlene grows up, she begins to recognize the harsh realities of the world around her. The smorgasbord is evident when she describes these changes from her own perspective, Every stratum when youre a child, you become a different person.Generally its in the draw when you re-enter school, take your place in a high grade, and leave behind the muddle of summer vacation. Thats when you register the change most on (Munro 1). The use of imagery in this situation clearly shows how change is a crucial part of life and that it is unes receptive. As one grows up, childhood fantasies begin to fade as darkness consumes the innocence of the world. Through continuous use of imagery, Munro describes the deterioration of the conflicted mental states of the protagonists. This splutter between right and wrong is seen when Marlene and Charlene decide to drown Verna.Vernas head did non break from the surface she was turning in a leisurely way, light as a jellyfish in the water. Charlene and I had our hands on her, on her rubber cap (Munro 12). The actions of the protagonists show the battle they are facing inside. This conflict tempts them to act on their hate and disgust towards Verna, demonstrated on their struggle to decide whether to drown her or not. This struggle clouds their judgement and eventually leads them to surrender to temptations, sequentially shedding them of their innocence.As Masters Student Elisa Vancoppernolle suggests, Verna has weare nothing to enrage the narrator butacts close to strangelychildren are monstrously conventional, repelled at once by whatever is off center, reveal of whack, unmanageable (Vancoppernolle, 47-48). Vancoppernolle uses this truth of difference to explain how the characters actions were committed out of pure hatred.Lastly, Munro uses imagery to display how Marlene and Charlene succumb to their cruel intentions, transforming themselves into new people. This transformation is seen through the following narration Our eyes did not meet as the head of Verna tried to rise above the surface like a dumpling in a stew Charlenes eyes were wide and jubilant as I suppose mine were too.I dont think we felt wicked, triumphing in our wickedness (Munro 12). This imagery shows the cruelty demonstrated by Marlene and Charlene as a product of their transformation from innocent children to violent murderers. Both characters act as if they are not ashamed of what they have done, but preferably proud. The use of imagery in Childs Play, clearly demonstrates how the characters begin to lose their purity. Oftentimes, the situations one encounters is influenced by their environmental conditions they are exposed to.This becomes visible in the characters Marlene and Charlene as shown through the use of foreshadowing. Munro uses foreshadowing to express an atmosphere of tension and frailty on the day Verna and the other specials arrive at camp. Marlene describes the filter surroundings by saying, We were living in a stage set to be dismantled and with it all the friendships, enemies, rivalries that had flo urished (Munro 6). This use of foreshadowing reflects how the camp is nearly to fall apart. It exposes the link between the fragility of the characters and the atmosphere.In addition, the transition of the weather from sunny to stormy represents the events that are about to unfold, symbolizing their inner rage and aggression. This change in the environment is depicted through the narration The clouds darkened. In the air there was what some people called the smell of the storm. (Munro 7). The change in whether refers to the events that are about to occur. Furthermore, the darkening of the clouds reflects the darkness that lives inside of the protagonists, showing their drastic transition from innocence to guilt.Critic, Charles May emphasizes how the change in environment coincides with the change inside of the girls. He suggests that at the moment the clouds darken, Marlene and Charlene take pleasure in spying on Verna and to observe how repulsive and monstrous she is (May, EBSCO) . He reveals how it is at this moment when the camp is full of menace. auspicate also shows the haunting topics that Marlene and Charlenes actions have on those around them. The effects of their actions are seen when Marlenes mother voices her opinion. How sad, how awful.There should have been supervision the foibles of my upstage futile state (Munro 1). The confusion of her mother allows one to realize that something awful has happened. Her mothers words suggest that although Marlene may be a child, she is capable of horrible things, forcing her to lose her innocence. For both Marlene and Charlene, it is evident that unexpected events cause them to question their true identities. The irony in Childs Play portrays the transition from unbreakable bond between childhood friends, to eventually becomes a distant relationship.The end of their friendship is seen when Marlene states, I have not kept up with Charlene. I dont even remember how we said goodbyeour parents arrived and we gave ourselves over (Munro 7-8). The termination of the girls friendship is contrary to what the readers expects. The breaking of this powerful bond shows how as children grow up, they become less naive to the ways of the world. Another ironic event that occurs in the story is when Marlene discovers that Charlene is sick. Marlene describes this revelation when she says, Charlene was in Princess Margret Hospital.Her cancer had begun in the lungs and ranch to the liver. She had only a short time to live (Munro 9). This irony expresses that as one grows older, they are faced with many more tragedies. These experiences show how the word is not a place where everything is safe and perfect it is broken just as Marlene and Charlene are corrupted. Finally, the irony depicts the shocking turn of events when the reader finally learns that the girls kill Verna. This husking is portrayed by this narration I can imagine the unease starting to set inThat someone is missingone of the specialsWhat is her name?Verna. Is that not something out there in the water? (Munro 12). When the death of Verna is revealed, one can see just how much the girls have changed. Their evolution from children to violent criminals subsequently causes their loss of innocence. Journalist Leah Hager proposes that Marlene and Charlene transgressed not simply against propriety, but against human life itself (New York Times). Hager concludes that one may be more similar to Marlene and Charlene than they originally thought, as the loss of innocence is a challenge that each person must overcome.Ultimately, the use of situational irony shows how the circumstances the protagonists face lead to their final loss of innocence. In conclusion the literary devices emphasize the great differences between Marlene, Charlene and Verna causing the characters to lose their innocence as they evolve into different people as their loss of innocence shapes them into their own person. The effect of the imagery, foreshadowing and situational irony causes one to question their similarity to Marlene and Charlene desperate to escape the prison that they have created for themselves through their hatred and loathing.

Character Analysis on A Doll’s House Essay

Theres a quote that says, Woman was taken out of man not out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet to be trampled underfoot that out of his side to be equal to him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be loved. Indeed, all a cleaning lady wants is to be taken care of and sincerely given love and affection. But for some, this picture is an illusion that shrouds the truth, just like in the case of Nora Helmer in A Dolls House. A woman of passion, fashion, and with a flair for gorgeous material things, Nora cant ask for anything more than to be able to time lag her family secured despite the serious debt theyre facing and to take the love of her kids and her beloved Torvald. But in the end, she must realize that her world had been a bird mark all a colossal and she, the beautiful figurine. Readers, as the story commenced, would be able to see that Nora desires security and comfort. She grew up being her fathers doll-child and continued to relieve be a doll for the husband she had found.Torvald would often refer to him with pet names like lark, squirrel, doll-baby, little featherbrain yet she never felt belittled. This is because she sweard that in dress to acquire the protection and love from Torvald, she must please him and should always preserver her husbands feeling of mastery. But above that, Nora expresses a need for spring and mastery which she fulfills in a self-effacing way by identifying with Torvald. She exults in the fact that all the employees at the Bank will be dependent on Torvald straight off What fun to think that wethat Torvaldhas such power over so many people (Act I).She bristles when Krogstad speaks disrespectfully of her husband because she participates in Torvalds glory, and any threat to his spatial relation is a threat to her own. (Paris 42) Nora all through out had been very enduring and this is her trait that mostly stands out. A common person would be demeaned by every pet name her father and Torvald e ver called her but or else she felt just the same, quite pleased even. As the threat of the immense debt she and her husband feel arises, she persevered to save and work hard than let her husband know. She believes protecting her husband is the right thing to do.She even says, Torvald has his pride most men have hed be terribly hurt and humiliated if he thought hed owed anything to me. Itd spoil everything between us, and our lovely happy kinfolk would never be the same again. (Act 1) At the end of the story, Nora finally realized that for most of her life, she had only been a doll, playing and moving according to what her master says. Her actualisation came from a great shock. For deeply protecting her husband, secretly and enduringly saving to pay off the large debt they obtained from going to Italy, she had hopefully believed that Torvald would sacrifice himself for her.But instead her calls her a hypocrite, a liar, a criminal and told her that shes prohibited to bring up the children. Bernard J. Paris analyze Noras reaction saying Her dream has been burst her image of Torvald, her bargain, her hopes are all exploded illusions Enraged, she feels now that she does not love Torvald and that he has never loved her. (44) She became aware and decided to leave her doll-house, and even her children, to cop and become a woman and a real wife and mother. (Shengold 215) As we look at how the things have went, we may say that in a way, Nora be what have happened to her in the end.She may have been living at a time when women are supposed to be more reserved and submissive but as a person she still have her rights. But instead of using it and standing by her principles from the start, she chose to delight at the comfort and ease that the doll house offers. From this incident, we may say that Ibsen is trying to show us the theme of inner strength and conviction to overcome obstacles. Always in ones life, there would be struggles and conflict but by staying str ong and persevering, one would always see it through.Nora Helmer as a person has dreams she wants to achieve. Even at the start, as she tries to protect her husband, she has already visualized a plan, a part of the future she wants to happen. With this, I relate to her. While I still have a long way to go and more obstacles to overcome, there are things that I dream of and plans which I further want to come to reality. Like Nora too, I desire to stretch forth a comfortable life with my family and be able to protect them from any great dangers that may arise. A person can only be so strong when their hearts purely wish to be strong.Life would always give us challenges, some may even seem life-threatening, but if we believe in ourselves and we stand by our principles just as Nora did at the end, then everything would be alright. Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House, on the whole, is a marvellous play, very realistic and a story from which anyone and everyone could learn a thing or two. The p lot and themes of the story are well thought yet it didnt need to use very deep words that may confuse the readers. Nora Helmer is a representative figure of women she is submissive at first, very demure and frail. barely as the story progresses she begin to understand that even as a woman, she have equal rights as her husband, and even as a woman too, she have her own mind to decide what is good for her and what is bad or to decide whether something told to her is true or plain fallacy. Works Cited Roberts, Edgar V. A Dolls House. literary works An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall, 2003. Paris, Bernard J. Imagined Human Beings. New York New York UP, 1997 Shengold, Leonard. Haunted by Parents. Connecticut Yale UP, 2007

Management and Leadership Team Presentation Essay

Does a motorcoach have to have quality leadership skills to actuate, establish trust, empower and communicate with employees to run a c ar properly? Different areas of leaderships include organizational leadership, organizational culture, managerial regard and leveraging mixed bag. Planning is the most important basic leadership skill a manager can have. A business that wants to grow essential have an effective plan with the correct leadership skills to motivate and lead employees in the properly direction. A manager must be effective and consistent when they are leading a group of diverse employees. Although there are many differences in managing and leading, they are not necessarily two separate concepts. People look to their managers, not just to assign them a task, but to define for them a purpose. And managers must organize workers, not just to maximize efficiency, but to nurture skills, develop talent and inspire results. (Murray, 2010, para. 5).A managers job is to ensu re that tasks are completed in a correct and timely fashion. A leaders job is to inspire their followers to achieve a common cultivation that both the leader and his/her followers share. It is important, however, that a manager develop good leadership skills in order to benefit an organization as a whole. leaders in management will help employees feel confident in the work that they do, and proud to be a part of the organization they are running(a) for. It will establish trust in the manager, and a passion to want to conclude tasks competently. A manager with quality leadership skills will also motivate employees to follow the standards and guidelines set forth by the organization, creating a advance organizational culture, and an efficient workforce. The manager along with leadership is the structure. Excellent technical skills do not automatically transfer to excellent interpersonal skills. (Resnick, 2005).Developing leadership skills in managers require adifferent set of skill s than the ones they wish wellly already possess. Often, managers are much competitive than collaborative. An effective leader must demonstrate authority matched with collaboration. When identifying leadership potential, it is best to train multiple individuals in the skills that need development. This creates more than flexibility. Substantial approach for the top of an organizations structure is to merge with the lower part of managers that apply quality leadership principles to them, have a better effect on how they want the culture of their family to become. Leading by example and effective communication are key tools that are needed to be an effective leader. at one time a manager sets the pace for the culture he or she wants, then, they have to get others on board with their plans for the direction they want to go. A manager has the force to hire the individuals that fit into the company culture.Being a manager does not always mean that they earned their position based on their leadership skills. However, a good manager has the ability to be more of a people person and actually listens to what their employees have to say while implementing the ideas of their employees, creating a culture for their organization. A culture change does not happen overnight and can be a lengthy process if not handled correctly. Culture change does come from inside and requires the constant effort of everyone involved while having the same goals. The goals need to be clearly defined and acceptable by all who are involved with the manager leading from the front to be able to guide the change in the right direction. Creating cultural change and taking the time to groom their subordinates to become better leaders in the process is a great practice to start from the beginning.A good manager knows how to utilize contain mechanisms that are necessary for a business to run properly. This allows for the goals of the business to be met and determine if the employees are on the right path to reach the goals the company has set for them. The three main managerial controls are bureaucratic, kinship group and market. bureaucratic control is a type of authoritative control by creating regulations, standards, and a basic behavior for employees to follow. Companies can utilize Bureaucratic control in a way which could help save the company time when readyingstrategies to reach their goals. Managers would plan the goals and how to reach them and then relay the dodge to their employees allowing for fewer people to be involved and lessen the time making the plans. Clan control is the opposite of the Bureaucratic control because it does not have a set of rules or guidelines for employees to follow.Rather than tell employees how to do their job, the company trusts the employees will do what they are supposed to do and will do it well. By utilizing clan control, employers may be able to gain additional goals or ideas on how to reach the goals that have been set bec ause they have the input of their employees as well during the planning process. Market control is more along the lines of Bureaucratic control because there are regulations or standards placed upon the work the employees do. Analyzing the economic information received for the company does this. By using market control, managers would analyze data received to create strategies on goals the company has set. A diversified workforce is one of the most roaring strategies in gaining and retaining a competitive advantage.Since the labor force has become diverse, recruitment of the differencing population also assists in attracting a wider consumer base, which in turn the company becomes more successful. Organizations must understand that diversity begins with valuing differences and believing that a difference does not mean better or worse -just different (Johnston, 2013). And differences can range from seen differences like race, color, gender, age, and physical ability to the unseen di fference such as education, social status, religious beliefs, and work experience. Recruitment of a diverse labor force emphatically takes a welcoming approach. Establishing a universal work environment from consequences for behavior, to photos in a hallway that depict the organizations acceptance and inclusion of diversity shows employees that even though they come from different backgrounds theyre part of a single team that is committed to goals of the company.Managers who are affective in managing diversity will have a work force that is more creative, innovative, and better able to solve problems. This is due to the fact that, since people come from different backgrounds they also hold different perspectives on issues. When organizations realize that differences should not just be merely tolerated but valued then employees become more loyal, productive, and committed. More and more organizations are leveraging diversity a study by the WorkDiversity Network, a national network o f professionals and major companies working for diversity in the workplace, stated that women and ethnic minorities correspond 70% of new entrants in 2004. In addition, 43% of the workforce was non-Caucasian in 2008 (Clark, 2013).A diversified organization relates to everyone, applies to most situations, and impacts the continued and future success of a business. In conclusion, businesses take action on the management team, so that their business can run smoothly. The four types of leaderships include organizational leadership, organizational culture, managerial control and leveraging diversity. Managers must be able to coordinate workers, and encourage workers to mature into the absolute best employees and present an outcome of a successful team. The businesses take control to put strategies into place therefore business will have a flowing, well-trained management team. This will help command, control, and manage the behavior of team members and the management team.ReferencesBarn at, R. (2005). Strategic-Control. Retrieved from http//www.strategic-control.24xls.com/en112 Clark, D. (2013). Examiner.com. Retrieved from http//www.examiner.com/ obligate/leading-a-diverse-workforce Encyclopeda of Business. (2013). management Control. Retrieved from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Log-Mar/Management-Control.html Johnston, K. (2013). Leading a Divers Workforce. The Chron , (), . Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/leading-diverse-workforce-34292.html Kotter, John. (2012). The key to changing organizational culture. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/johnkotter/2012/09/27/the-key-to-changing-organizational-culture/ Murray, A. (August 10, 2010). What is the difference between management and leadership? Retrieved from http//guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what-is-the-difference-between-management-and-leadership/ Resnick, H. (February 28, 2005). direct leaders from your existing talent crop. The Jacksonville Busine ss Journal. Retrieved from http//www.bizjournals.com/jacksonville/stories/2005/02/28/smallb2.html Whatis the difference between management and leadership? (n.d.) The Wallstreet Journal Online. Accessed on Aug. 22, 2013. Retreived from http//guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what-is-the-difference-between-management-and-leadership/

Discuss Factors That Facilitate or Impede Helping Behaviour

Discuss factors that facilitate or impede serveing behaviour In this essay we will discuss what defines behaviour/ parcel behaviour, the tender, environmental and biological sees that affect a persons behaviour, pro- cordial behaviour, and the different factors that impede dowery behaviour. as well Latane and Darleys 1968 1980 experiments and studies that were conducted to understand man behaviour will be discussed, as well as the Kitty Genovese incident, in order to research into why help was not shown when on that point were so many population around.Behaviour tooshie be defined as the actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment. Behaviour can happen consciously or subconsciously, overt or covert, and can also be voluntary or involuntary to humans. Human behaviour can be common, unusual, acceptable or unacceptable. percentage behaviour refers to voluntary actions intended to help otherwises. It is a subcategory of pro-sociable behaviour intentional act that helps or benefits another genius-on-one or group of individuals. This can be demonstrated by sharing, comforting, rescuing and helping.Altruistic behaviour is a subcategory of helping behaviour, which refers to pro-social behaviour that is carried out with the desire to benefit another without expectation of obtaining external or internal reward. concord to the theory of universal egoism, masses are fundamentally selfish and altruism is an impossibility, (Dovidio 1995, as cited in Gross 2001. ) However certain kinds of casual helping (McGuire, 1994) or dispirited- make up altruism (Brown, 1986) seem to be fairly common, such as giving a stranger directions or telling them the time.Pro-social behaviour can be defined as behaviour that has positive social consequences and contributes to the physical or psychological well being of another person. It is thought that Kin Selection is a genetic response to supporting the broader gene pool. Social condit ioning can also have been a cause and pro-social parents lead to pro-social children. The reciprocity norm is when help is attached to those who have given help to us in the past or where hoi polloi help others, knowing that one day they may requisite person to help them in the same unselfish way.This can affect peoples way of helping others. As well as the social exchange theory where human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize ones reward and minimize ones cost. Also the social responsibility norm is when we should help others who really need it, without regard to future exchanges. It must be remembered that a persons mood influences whether they would help a person in need. People who are in a good mood are to a greater extent credibly to do good, compared with people who are whole step guilty.But if helping is likely to spoil our good mood, we might not help (Isen, 1984. ) Although if the bad mood is guilt and helping can relieve that, we might help. Also peo ple in small towns are more likely to help than those squashed together in cities. Humans estimate the suitability of behaviour victimization social norms and adjust behaviour by way of social control. In biology, psychology and sociology, social behaviour is either behaviour directed towards society or taking place in between members of the same species.Social influences are considered the most likely factor for an individual to engage in helping behaviour. Social influences can be defined as the sum of all things that may change or affect a persons behaviour, thoughts, feelings or actions. Studies on social influences might centre on ways in which behaviour of individuals or a whole group is influenced by outside factors, a persons outlook or simply how they appear. An example of these influences was demonstrated by Piliavin et al, 1969, when student experimenters would pretend to collapse in a subway compartment.They would fall to the floor and dwell to see if theyd be helped. T here were two conditions some would be carrying a cane (known as the lame condition), and others would wear a jacket which smelled real strongly of alcohol and carried a bottle in a brown paper bag (known as the drunk condition. ) They found that help was offered much slight often in the drunk than in the lame condition. This shows that the importance of difference is a social influence that determines whether a person helps a victim.Therefore the greater the victims injury, grief or disfigurement, or the more we disapprove of them or their undesirable behaviour, the more likely we are to perceive them as being different from ourselves. This makes it less likely that we would offer help. Helping behaviour can also be effected by environmental factors, for instance different areas (rural or urban areas), culture differences, elementary factors such as the time of day and also time whether a person is busy, running late or heading somewhere.In order to see how the cost of time wou ld affect helping behaviour Darley and Batson, 1973 (as cited in Gross, 2001) created an experiment called, If you need help avoid a late Samaritan. This involved participants who were students at a theological seminary, who were instructed to present a talk in a nearby building. The students were halved one half was told to cover about The Good Samaritan while the other half were told to speak about jobs most enjoyed by seminary students. Then each student was told either a. He was ahead of schedule and had plenty of time, b. He was right on schedule, or . He was late. On the way to their talk, each student passed a man slumped in a doorway, coughing and groaning. The percentages offering help were 63, 45 and ten for conditions a, b and c. Ironically, the results showed that on several occasions the late students who were giving a talk about The Good Samaritan literally stepped over the victim. This study shows that the cost of time is an weighter from Decatury influence on whet her an individual chooses to help. Also many studies have found that people tend to help others during daylight when there is no threat to their safeguard compared with night time.Also personal factors are very strong influences on helping behaviour. The table below shows the costs of helping/ not helping in emergencies/ non-emergencies, and the likeliness/ type of intervention, as predicted by the arousal-cost-reward model (based on Piliavin et al, 1969. ) be of helping/not helping and likely outcome Examples be of helping are low Youre unlikely to be injured yourself the victim is only shocked. Costs of helping are high Youd feel guilty other people would blame you. Likelihood of intervention very high and direct Costs of helping are high You dont like the sight of railway line youre unsure what to do. Costs of helping are high Its an emergency the victim could die. Likelihood of intervention fairly high but substantiative Call for ambulance/police or ask another bysta nder to assist Or redefine the situation Ignore the victim and/ or leave the scene Costs of helping are high This drunk could turn violent or throw up over me Costs of helping are low Whod blame me for not helping? Likelihood of intervention very low Bystander may well turn away, change seats, walk away etc. Costs of helping are low It wouldnt hurt to help this blind man cross the road. Costs of helping are low He seems open(a) of looking after himself theres very little traffic on the road. Likelihood of intervention fairly high Bystanders will vary, according to individual differences and how they perceive the norms operating in the particular situation. Biological influences are factors concerning human instincts such as self preservation and survival. These influences are difficult to ignore because human instinct is to keep a person safe and out of harms way.Therefore there is more likelihood of helping a victim if there is no threat to the helpers safety. But safety canno t be guaranteed and results in individuals not helping. Campbell and Church, 1969, as cited in Gross 2001, believed that punishment is a stronger influence on behaviour compared with Skinners belief that reinforcement is a stronger influence. In March 1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked in a Queenss parking lot at 3am. Thirty eight people were describe who watched from their windows, while she was beaten and stabbed to death over a half hour period.Not one bystander called the police until the attacker had fled. This incident raised much concern into why nobody helped. This led Latane and Darley, together with findings from their laboratory studies, to introduce the concept of the unresponsive bystander or bystander apathy to represent peoples typically uncaring attitude towards others in need of help. The American media thought it was remarkable that out of the thirty eight witnesses not one did anything to help, Latane and Darley believed that it was precisely because there were so many, Kitty Genovese was not helped.In result to this incident Latane and Darley researched into how the number of bystanders would affect helping behaviour. They found that 90% of the time, a lone bystander was more likely to help than when many people were around. One study was confederates would drop pencils or coins in an elevator and would see if people would help them pick it up. The results were, if only one person was in the elevator, the confederate received help 40% of the time. Only this figure dropped to 20% when six other people were in the elevator. The question Why does more people = less help? is answered with three factors.The first factor is noticing. Another of Latane and Darleys studies shows that any given bystander is less likely to notice the incident as the number of bystanders increase. For example, their 1970 experiment was having men fill out a survey by themselves or in a group. Whilst they completed their survey, crumb would start pouring into the roo m through a vent. After four minutes of smoke, 75% of subjects who were alone reported the smoke to the researcher, while only 12% of the subjects in the group reported it. This supports there theory of more people = less help. The second factor is interpretation.This means the more people that are around, the less likely any will interpret the situation as an emergency. In the smoke experiment, only 3 of 8 groups reported the smoke. Humans use other peoples behaviour to help measure what the reality of the situation is. The third factor is responsibility. In 1968, Latane and Darley produced another study. Subjects were told they were vatical to discuss problems with University Life. Each subject was put into separate rooms and was told to talk over the intercom. They were also told that no one would be listening to their conversations.During the discussion, one of the subjects began having an epileptic fit and pleaded for help. When the subjects believed they were the only other person in the discussion, 85% left the room to help. However when subjects believed that there were four other people having the discussion, only 31% went to help. This again supports the notion of more people = less help. As cited in R. Gross 2001, Psychology, The Science of Mind and Behaviour, according to Latane and Darleys 1970 last model, before someone helps another, that person must * Notice that something is wrong, * Define it as a situation requiring help, Decide whether to take personal responsibility, * Decide what kind of help to give, * Implement the decision to intervene. This symbolizes a logical sequence of steps, showing that a negative response at any one step means that the bystander wont intervene. (See cecal appendage 1 for Decision Model. ) In conclusion, helping in the form of pro-social behaviour has been studied largely in the form of bystander intervention. The murder of Kitty Genovese, together with other(a) laboratory experiments by Latane and Darley s upports the notions that when there are more people around, help is less likely to be given.Also that there are many influences that affect helping behaviour, whether it is biological, environmental or social. Nevertheless, altruism is definitely not impossible and humans are not fundamentally selfish. Future research should look into whether gender affects helping behaviour or age, for example, is an adult between 21-30 more prone to help someone rather than a teenager.

Alcoholism and Public Health Law Essay

Alcohol consarbitratortion poses a threat for many general wellness harms. Impaired driving is hotshot of the largest contrisolelyors to get vehicle crashes (Burris, Grunwald, Anderson, &arbitrator Filippoli, 2011). In the join States each year roughly 13,400 people die and an additional 255,500 are injured in motor vehicle crashes involving an intoxicant-impaired driver consort to Burris et al., 2011. In 2006, these crashes accounted for al to the highest degree a third of all U.S. traffic-related deaths (Burris et al., 2011). Alcohol is the most comm up to now offensed substance in the United States according to Pandrea, Happel, Amedee, Bagby, &ump Nelson, 2010, and studies show that reducing alcoholic drinkic drinkic drink consumption can go forth to public health improvements such as decreased incidence of liver cirrhosis, delirium tremens, male suicide, criminality, hospitalizations, alcohol-related disease mortality, workplace injuries, STDs, IPV, rape, robbery, a nd severe violence towards children (Jernigan). Public heath deals with many other issues that ca occasion burdens to individuals and society a similar such as obesity and gun use of goods and services.Over the past several months, headlines in the news break been echoing Chocolate Milk Removed from School Lunches, and Senate Considers Federal measure revenue on Soda. While the removal of chocolate draw from shoal menus has actually happened in certain school districts across the country, federal revenue enhancement on sodas has only been a proposal at this point. However, both echoes resounding through with(predicate) the news originated from escalating research that Americas twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity are due to diets racy in lollipop. The end result is that the actions taken to fight obesity work not been classified as either effective, uncertain, or harmful uniformly through studies and research because there are too many variables like genetics, other su gar-loaded beverages and foods on the shelf, lack of exercise, abundance of video games, and the lifestyle one is accustomed that cave in to obesity as well. But even with the slightest inclination eliminating chocolate milk or federal value on soda will eliminate sugar from obese populations diet and thereby reduce weight, support groups and supporting research seem to load up the band wagons.Alcohol twist is certainly an epidemic, and the domino effect of negativity it can cause in ones life and surroundings creates a dismal forecast into the emerging of American public health somewhat similar to the obesity epidemic. Obesity and alcohol consumption act as a comparison between cardinal similar, yet contradictory issues, much like public health andpublic health law. High-risk drinking results in many consequences for public health and conflicting obesity and soda tax, a multitude of systematic literature reviews conducted by full(prenominal)ly-regarded scholars and publishe d by credible organizations or peer-reviewed journals prove taxes that increase the price of alcohol effectively reduce overall alcohol consumption. Although ways to reduce alcohol consumption are not made glamorous in the news like many other trending public health epidemics, alcohol abuse is one of the few conflicts public health epidemiologists and economists have derived a bullet proof formulate of action to effectively reduce its harmful effect.This manuscript serves as an evidence brief summarizing the problem, the law, the evidence, and the bottom line pertaining to the effect of increasing tax levels on alcohol use, and to prove why understanding public health law and policy is essential in bridging the gap between proven studies performed by public health professionals and the legislators and lobbyists who can implement the findings. Using the current produce of obesity as an example was merely to cast light on the standstill alcohol abuse is undergoing, which ultimately resides in the poor connection between public health research and public health law. However, it is worth noting that other strategies exist to control alcohol abuse besides trying to impose what some may call a sin tax, such as house-to-house cake programs 1) Offer and press social, recreational, extracurricular, and public service alcohol-free options 2) Create a social, academic, and residential environment that supports health-promoting norms 3) Limit alcohol availability both on and off campus 4) Restrict marketing and publicity of alcoholic beverages both on and off campus and 5) Develop and enforce policies and laws at the campus, local, state and federal levels (The Demand for Alcohol The first derivative Response to Price, 2005).The elements of a comprehensive prevention program limit some of the damage caused by alcohol abuse but the epidemic f first bases forward. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that alcohol use disorders (AUDs) such as alcohol abu se and alcohol dependence are widespread in the general population of the United States, with approximately 8.5 portion of adults having had an AUD in 2007 (Falk, Yi, &ump Hiller-Sturmhofel, 2008). Moreover, many people suffering from AUDs also suffer from one or more other psychiatric disorders, including other drug use disorders (DUDs), mooddisorders like major depression, anxiety disorders, or personality disorders like antisocial personality disorder (Falk et al., 2008). Falk et al., 2008, also reported the prevalence of alcohol use and AUDs is much higher among people with drug use and DUDs, respectively, than vice versa. This reflects the fact that alcohol is much more widely used than other drugs may be a gateway to the use of illegal or more potent drugs (Falk et al., 2008). Falk et al., 2008, reported that their results showed a dose-response relationship between the two classes of substances, with rates of drug use, hebdomadally drug use, and DUDs increasing monotonicall y with increasing levels of alcohol consumption and the presence of AUDs.The descriptive study by Falk et al., 2008, not only portrays the grim effects of alcohol abuse but is also just one of the many credible reviews providing prevalence estimates providing health care policymakers and treatment planners with a comprehensive assessment of the state of the use, co-use, and co-morbidity of alcohol and other drugs in the United States. The flow of abuse and effects unfortunately does not have a dam, and floods further along into public health. Justice, Lynn, &ump Fiellin, 2010, have shown that past and present alcohol consumption directly lures HIV progression and survival by altering timing of, adherence, and response to medication intentional to minimize levels of HIV in the body like antiretroviral treatment (ART). Alcohol use also influences patient outcomes by increasing the risk for HIV and antiretroviral associated co morbidities, including liver disease, cardiovascular and cerebral vascular disease, pulmonary disease, bone disease, and cancer (Justice et al., 2010).Those with HIV have a lower tolerance for alcohol, according to Justice et al., 2010, yet preserve intense levels of consumption as they age and the growing effects of past and current alcohol consumption is likely to increase because patients with HIV contagious disease are expected to live 20 to 30 years with ART. Lamentably, alcohol is a terror that looms around society and affects the weak and strong alike. Strong populations generally include college and university students, who likely do not have HIV or AUDs or DUDs while pursuing a higher education. However, 25 part of students report academic problems caused by alcohol use according to The Demand for Alcohol The Differential Response to Price, 2005.Students who practice high-risk drinking are at risk for a host of problems, including 1) A decline in academic performancedue to poor grades, missed classes, and falling behind that m ay lead to academic probation or dropping out of school 2) Engaging in unprotected sex 3) Increased risk of perpetrating or being a dupe of violence, including sexual assault, hazing, vandalism, and fights 4) Health problems related to alcohol use and 5) Injury, arrest or death due to drinking and driving, or other alcohol-related causes (The Demand for Alcohol The Differential Response to Price, 2005).Much like concrete cracking and eventually more and more cracks ensuing, are the secondary effects alcohol abuse has on campuses. Firstly, drinking undermines the goal institutions of higher education set forth, since weighed down(p) drinking leads to a decline in academic performance. Furthermore, heavy drinking can affect the campus as a whole through reducing retention rates, increasing expenses due to damage from vandalism, and smearing the institution as a party school. The party school image may attract students who choose to be in high-risk settings, increasing the likelihood of alcohol-related incidents on campus (The Demand for Alcohol The Differential Response to Price, 2005). Students who do not drink may also experience negative consequences of alcohol use by their peers according to The Demand for Alcohol The Differential Response to Price, 2005. effects may include study or sleep interruption, taking care of a drunken friend, having an unwanted sexual advance, having property damaged, and being a victim of violence including physical or sexual assault.Over three-quarters of students living on campus have experienced at least one of the negative secondary effects of alcohol use at their school (The Demand for Alcohol The Differential Response to Price, 2005). Perhaps a creative genius health professional strategizes a prevention program that eliminates alcohol consumption, only a short duration of time will pass and the marketing departments of major breweries will promote their brand in a way to pull the public right back into the flow of intak e. Or maybe no successful prevention program forms, but raising the inscribe taxes on alcohol is being accelerated by legislature efforts in order to reduce alcohol consumption and abuse.In this case, consistent pains political donations and lobbying aimed at keeping alcohol excise taxes from increasing are in place for these companies profiting from their unhealthy product. The primary problem this brief seek out to analyze is alcohol abuse and the extensive list of problems discussed in detail above itcauses. The problem paves the way to the law. And given the circumstances that stricter law enforcement and prevention strategies have only resolved a minute fraction of the problem, the law is the answer as it offers a glass ceiling. No federal tax increases have been implemented since 1991 and many states, although legislative efforts have been accelerating across the country, have failed to increase the tax.However, tax law in the epidemic of alcohol abuse, is the solution with most chance for proving effective. Burris et al., 2011, define tax law as a mechanism for reducing consumption of unhealthy products. The same news that reported the removal of chocolate milk from selected school districts has reported increased taxes on cigarettes, so it is simple to understand that both the federal government and the states have used taxes as a marrow of increasing the cost of products associated with health risks in the past. Taxes can be levied upon the production and or sale of alcohol and are often described as excise taxes Burris et al., 2011, have reported. According to the Federation of Tax Administrators, almost every state taxes the sale or production of beer, pot liquor and wine (Burris et al., 2011). Nevertheless, increasing alcohol tax is not as straightforward and effortless as simply applying the definiton of tax law to the problem and stepping away. State readiness to act on alcohol tax research findings marks the beginning of constructing the b ridge that will essentially connect public health to public health law.Many key factors are causa to broad consensus among members of the Coordinating panel and other participating experts (Tremper &ump Mosher, 2005). Components that are most important are the budget deficit or other hard need for the state to raise taxes, the strength of the advocates/coalition that would introduce research findings, and the availability of funds that can be used for legislative advocacy. Items of decreasing brilliance are existence and efficacy of a lobbyist for the issue, well-positioned champion in both houses of the legislature, and the political strength of the alcohol industry and its allies. Other factors include support of the governor, permissibility of earmarking, high proportion of nondrinkers, high proportion of evangelicals and/or fundamentalists, and support of major media (Tremper &ump Mosher, 2005). Discussion of the former findings serve as a starting point for analyzing the con clusions of peculiar(prenominal) literature reviews that increasing alcohol taxesimproves public health and that various factors affect the likelihood that research findings will influence alcohol tax policy.After the previous analysis, possibly the most important finding to extract is the consent among alcohol tax advocates, legislative process experts, advocates who have successfully used research findings to influence tobacco tax policy, and other interested parties in regard to state tax policy, and whether a state needs to raise taxes for financial reasons. Tremper &ump Mosher, 2005, have stated that in practical terms reflecting political realities, if a state is not facing a budget deficit, raising alcohol taxes to achieve public health benefits is highly unlikely. Continuing strain on state budgets has a high likelihood of continuing therefore, raising taxes is going to be on most states legislative agenda for the projected future. Another important finding that bodes well for alcohol tax to appear on legislative agendas is that alcohol taxes are low by several measures and in some states have not been raised for decades, which means that inflation has reduced them to a fraction of their previous level (Tremper &ump Mosher, 2005).For example, had the beer tax merely kept up with inflation, it would be more than three times todays rate of $18 per barrel the liquor tax would be more than five times its current rate of $13.50 per proof gallon (Alcohol Taxes on the Federal Front, 2005). As prices rise, the relative importance of the taxes falls, unless Congress raises them according to the website Alcohol Taxes on the Federal Front. The website further foes on to state statistics indicating beer and wine taxes have been raised only once in the past 55 years, liquor taxes only twice and as a result, tax revenues that accounted for 12 share of the sales of alcohol in 1980 now amount to only 7 percent of total sales. The result is a de facto subsidy on dri nking and extra profits for alcohol manufacturers at the expense of taxpayers (Alcohol Taxes on the Federal Front, 2005).CONCLUSIONThe beer industry has long opposed raising taxes on its products, even maintaining that they should be lowered. However, lower beer taxes would only add to the deficit, cater to a prosperous industry, reward and encourage heavy drinking, and attract more young drinkers, fueling increased alcohol problems and increasing public costs. The best interests of consumers, young people, the U.S. Treasury, and the public health and safetyof America would be better served by raising, not lowering beer taxes. (Alcohol Taxes on the Federal Front, 2005)

My Week as a Room-Service Waiter at the Ritz – Customer Service that Puts the “Ritz” in Ritzy

The phrase the customer is never wrong, has been attributed to Cesar Ritz, the founder of the Ritz-Carlton empire. Needless to say, the man knew from customer swear out. How does this luxury hotel keep its customers contentand coming cover charge?Paul Hemp, a senior editor at Harvard Business Review, stepped into the shoes of a Ritz-Carlton room- religious service waiter to find out. One observation Empowering your employees to declare oneself top-notch customer service is not enough. You must also inspire them to exercise that power. by Paul HempReflecting on the experienceOne element of the Ritz-Carlton training is a follow-up school term, known as Day 21. It typically takes vex close three weeks after the initial orientation. The aim is to review the Gold Standards after new employees have had a knock to put them into practice. Though I didnt work the full twenty-one days, I sit in on the half-day session (which, amidst the frenzy of the hotels early months, actually takes place on the 49th day after our orientation). Training director Tim Kirkpatrick starts with another mock lineup.He discusses the new-employee job certification test that de classment managers should have administered. He announces a new customer recognition hotline, which employees can use to call in guest preferences. And he unveils an updated version of the companys principles, now in the form of a 3-dimensional pyramid. This supplements the existing Gold Standards with an additional category of s tear down key success factors. however for staff to delight customers, managers must do more(prenominal) than grant their employees the liberty to do what is necessary they must motivate employees to exercise that freedom. Paul Hemp Employees are asked about their experiences on the job. Erin Garrity, the new front-desk clerk from Johnson & Wales, is disappointed she has been assigned the long shift but looks on the bright side. I get to see a lot of celebrities at that time, she says. Her goal for the year is to be named one of the hotels appoint five-star employees, and she intends to continue being the friendliest person I can be. John Rolfs reinforces his message from orientation that our sole job is to make guests feel good so they get on back.The hotels 320 employees have countless interactions with guests, he says, and it takes just one interaction to make a guest feel badly. If youre thinking about doing your job well, trying to witness and master your day-to-day routines but not thinking about how guests feel, theyll have a difficult time forgiving you. Theyll probably forgive us if the air-conditioning fails. But they wont forgive us for failing to make them feel goodbecause thats why they selected Ritz-Carlton. Tims final announcement concerns the results of the first monthly Gallup survey of Ritz-Carlton guests, released to managers earlier that day.The Ritz-Carlton/Boston third estate leads the companys hotels in overall customer satisfac tion. There is a stunned silenceafter all, this is a new hotel still smoothing out the rough spotsfollowed by loud applause. As I leave the hotel and walk across the Boston Common in the gathering dusk, I reflect on what Ive learned about teaching and motivating employees to provide truly memorable service. One thing seems clear. Great customer service should be based on dynamic principles kind of than a rigid formula.You dont demand that employees say, Certainly, my pleasure, until it feels right to them. You dont mindlessly assume every guest wants to be pampered some people just want to eat their dinners. I also ponder Ritz-Carltons efforts to win the hearts and minds of its employees by, for example, making them feel part of a proud heritage. A recent study of hotel workers by researchers at Cornells enlighten of Hotel Administration found that, while job satisfaction plays a major role in employee retention, it isnt the key factor in a hotels ability to provide excellent cust omer service.Rather, it is employees emotional commitmentwhich is achieved in part through symbols and rituals that enhance employees sense of identity with the companythat contributes most to superior performance. Ritz Carlton certainly has an unco rich tradition to draw on in creating that feeling of identity. But every company, even a two-year-old startup, has traditions and even legends that can be tapped to help march on employee commitment. Great customer service should be based on dynamic principles rather than a rigid formula. Paul Hemp That kind of commitment serves as a driver of excellent customer service only when employees are empowered to take initiative. And that sort of empowerment has no potency unless employees are do to seize it. I am haunted by my failure to point out the confusing bin numbers on the hotel wine list, which led my guest to mistakenly order that half-bottle of burgundy. Certainly, I was encouraged during my time at the hotel to point out problem s that needed fixing. Why didnt I follow through in this teddy? Im not sure.But for staff to delight customers, managers must do more than grant their employees the freedom to do what is necessary they must motivate employees to exercise that freedom. Doing that depends in part on the kinds of people you hire. Ritz-Carlton has an elaborate system for assessing in job scenes the qualities the company believes are crucial to its success. One night while I was working at the hotel, I went through the basic interview to see how Id do. I was fairly confident I was just the sort of caring, conscientious person the Ritz was looking for.In fact, though, even after fudging my answers to a few questions, I got only ten points out of a possible fifteen in the composite hospitality assessment. Tim said that wasnt badthough, honestly, wed shoot for someone with a twelve. I later discovered that I fell short in my response to a question asking me to pertain an instance when I took care of som eone else. I said Id often provided emotional support to my sister during tough times. But the company was looking for something more than this, an extraordinary example of caring. Helping your sister? You better, Tim said with a laugh.Now, if youd moved out of your house for a month and let her move in, that would be different. Since instituting its candidate assessment system in 1991, Ritz Carlton says it has reduced its annual turnover rate from 55%, roughly the industry average, to 28%. Certainly, a genuine concern for the benefit of guests is key to providing superior customer service. But that isnt enough to truly anticipate customer needs. Another component of the Ritz Carltons hospitality assessment is empathybeing able to reckon guests emotional responses to their experience in the hotel.I am reminded of Steves care in preparing the champagne setting for the newlyweds that night and how he thought back to his grandparents wedding seventy-five geezerhood before. To truly achieve empathy, however, I wonder if you need to jettison at least some of your personal perspective. One of John Rolfss comments during the Day 21 sessionabout the dangers of employees focusing solely on the successful fulfillment of their dutiesresonated with my experience as a waiter.If youre constantly assessing how well youre doing in your jobeven in your genuine efforts to satisfy guestsyou, not the guest, become the point of reference. Your self-consciousness, natural though it may be, distracts you from providing superior service. Its getting dark. And this train of thought risks hurtling far beyond the working demands of a frenetic evening of room service. But, when you get down to it, my musings dont seem all that far from the Ritz-Carlton philosophy.Companies dedicated to providing what might be called extreme customer service may need to recognize thatlike great military, government, or religious serviceit is, in the end, a truly selfless endeavor. They may need to l ay out such practices as the formal inculcation of a customer-centered credo. They might even consider providing workers with a weeklong immersion in the experience of being a customer Whatever the means, the aim would be getting employees to leave their egos at the door and adopt the mind-set of the people theyre serving.

Barnados Essay

Thomas Barnardos established his charity in 1870 even then did it cause accusations. Barnardos opened m all projects such as Believe in Children and Child Poverty and spelly more series of campaigns. During 2002 Barnados launched the campaign Stolen Childhood to sponsor children up to the age of 18, who have been abused through prostitution. Complaints said auditory senses were left feeling disconcerted and disturbed. But making calls to stop child prostitution was a target for Barnardos they wanted to create a new law allowing child prostitution to end.Barnardos produced eyeshades for discoverisements about the prostitution of children and altered their faces to illustrate the cark that they argon going through. Noticing the complaints, has risen, Barnardos defended the decision to use shocking figure of speechs saying that these changes allowed them to get the meaning across to many people and allow Minsters to act quickly, providing abounding protection for children. In t his particular advert, it contains a picture of a little female childfriend sitting on a sofa.Her face is digitally grotesquely old, tho has a young body. Standing behind the sofa is part if a man and his fingers are running through her hair. The background is a subtle yellow, with curtains that are drawn. The advert includes a catchy slogan and information on how to donate or get supplementary information about the campaign. The man in this image is placed behind a sofa, with his back towards a window. This arrangement gives me an idea he is hiding or protecting the little girl extraneous from the public.This transcendental man cannot be identified because the image does not allow the viewing audience to see his face because his face is deliberately hidden- this sets the audience hot to see his face. We are also not able to see his bottom half, as he is straightened up behind the sofa- Which suggests that the man may not be wearing any trousers. You can see the hairs upon t he mans chest, (as his shirt is seen to be undone) this straight away gives me a sense that this man is way beyond the age to be sexually connected with young girls.Plus I can identify that he is wearing a wedding ring which states the man world power be either married or divorced. This proves that anyone can act in this behaviour, whether or not youre married. Clenching his hand on the sofa expresses that the man is in choler and has force over the young girl. However, he is probably satisfied as well as incensed because, his other hand is touching the girls hair. Reminding ourselves that his shirt is undone, this can calculate that he may be ready to sexually abuse her, or that he has already done so.The terrified girl in the foreground is cramped up in the corner of the sofa this shows that she is probably afraid and is trying to keep away. She get winds as if she is trying to protect herself by holding some(prenominal) arms firmly around her. Through this I can sense that th e girl may be in danger in some way perhaps, as she like to keep her self to herself. Her world might be very dark and cold so, therefore holding both arms is a way of keeping her pain within herself. Yet sitting in this position is also covering the lower part of her body, as she may not be wearing anything.This then shows me the young girls sensitive and emotional side as she may be a very incertain person. The purple bruises on her legs must have a horrifying story behind them- A story that involves physical, brutal abusing conflict between the man and her, or maybe be she has self harmed herself which might be a way to relief her pain. The top that the girl is wearing stands out to me, it appears to be quite harsh as it looks almost washed out form a bright pink colour, this suggests a soft girly side that she once had, and has all been taken away from her.I can clearly say that this image of her clothing gives a sign of purity and innocence to contrast with her reality and th e callousness of the room. Yet viewers who look at this plug-in are straight away drawn directly to her face. Her digital altered face appears to look old and wrinkly. Bug, heavy bags down the stairs her eyes are lined up with dark bruises, making her look stressed and tired, almost as if she has spent her hours crying with lack of sleep. From her droopy formulation her mouth is weighed down with many defined lines which appear to be baggy wrinkles forming under her lips. Which is exaggerated on the amount of sexual abuse that she gets, hence it is homogeneous to a life time and maybe it is difficult for her to relax and get some rest. This all results to how the child is being taken care of by the man Not only does he abuse her but has no intention on her health and strength, she is some sort of shield for him, were she is being brutally knocked over, bit he is safely fulfilled. The girl who once lived a happy life, with smiles and laughter, has almost faded away with a broken soul of worries, terror and pain.I rally this altering of her face may reflect what she may look like in the coming years. The image of this lonely victim has been adjusted to pull back her look old with strands of grey hair. By doing this digital alteration the audience are led to believe that this young girl has been traumatised by suffering from too untold sexual abuse from the man, resulting in ageing and loss of childhood. This image captures only a certain part of the room this creates suspense and gives the audience thoughts about who else might be in the room nother abuser, or another child in a similar situation? The colour of the wall reflects the carpet, creating a sense of hush up and a neutral atmosphere. This matches the colour of the curtains, and gives me an understanding that the main person living in the house has a sense of style, therefore can live in a decent looking way. Thus the soft colours clash with the situation of the trapped, dark story held betwee n both characters in the image. Her disappointment and fear does not fit in well with the surroundings of the scene, which makes her prominent.Everything is in contrast to each other, the bright clean room to the dark filthy routine he portrays. Yet one may wonder what is really going on behind those doors and drawn curtains, where a little girl is forced to love with a man. There area different levels positioned in this photograph. The man in the background is standing behind her dominantly as if he is in control of his powerful actions perpetrate against the frightened girl, (through his level of height) as she is sitting and being touched by him. Abuse through prostitution STEALS CHILDRENS LIVES is a slogan used in the poster. These effective, affectional words make the audience want to put a stop to prostitution, to give everything the child need which has been taken away from them. Their hope would want the audience to act quickly and efficiently, due to words prostitution an d children oddly put together (which is normally not relevant to children) it is a short powerful message that loiters onto to you after you have read it.The slogan also highlights the key points about the campaign, letting the audience know what prostitution can lead to. In this poster there is enough information needed, for instance the image is very vivid, followed by a catchy slogan, symbolising that the audiences awareness can make a difference. Overall, Barnardos feel they can be more daring with their use of images to a younger age group. Even though, the text on this advert is very limited, the images illustrate an understanding of the charity, as it is well explained, using lack of words.I agree with the fact that Barnardos has used visual distressing images- this leave behind encourage and expose how neglect and abuse can bring horrifying consequences to children in the UK. The resulting of the poster will wake the public up, to the childrens distress. If not, the charity electrostatic received publicity through the complaints that were made, and will acknowledge them. However, this advert revolts me, and makes me aware of what is actually happening around me. I feel sympathy for the young girl trying to understand what its like to be in her position and in this uncomfortable situation.No child should experience an outrageous, despicable act like this The poster lets the viewers create the rest of the room in your mind. Which makes me think that the rest of the world might me suffering from the same situation? This sets me a sudden erg, an eager to help the juvenile girl, and try to stay connected to her, letting her know that there can be help being made. In addition to this, I reckon the more eye-opening and clear the advert is, the more successful that campaign will be

Discuss the various perceptions of love in Shakespeare’s Essay

William Shakespe be wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1595. When it was compose, Shakespe are was sooner young, 31, already five years into his career. Queen Elizabeth I was on the thr one at the time, and mevery of the recordistics of Elizabethan lifestyle are included within the head for the hills. In the Elizabethan times, it was non unusual for large number to get married and declare children young. In the play Lady Capulet sound outs, By my count, I was your mother a good deal upon these years, to Juliet, who appears to be active 12 years old.She is telling Juliet that she was already a mother at Juliets age, implying she should be getting ready to marry now. Women were in like manner not con slopered of much importance in those days. They were not as important as men, and just used for sex, which plays a unfit part in the topic of conversation amid characters th rocky give away the play. Women/girls also had to follow their fathers until they got married, and then obey t heir husbands when they did get married. It was a rattling male dominant era. Romeo and Juliet is partly a comedy, calamity and history.It is a tragedy obviously because of altogether the death in it. It is a comedy because of the irony and counterpoint the characters raise, and also because of the brain more(prenominal) than or less characters like Mercutio and the Nurse bring into the play. It is a history as well because of the fact it was written a long time ago, and has historical contents in it. Thither is a great patronage of revel and passion in this play, but not all the same. Different characters have assorted perceptions of have sex, and different passions. The play is also as much somewhat hate as it is well-nigh eff, which is a genuinely important element.Shakespeare puts emphasis on themes such as the relationship of retire and hate and old and young. This is what I will be analysing in the essay. The play tells the story of Romeo Montague and Juliet C apulet the children of two rival families living in Verona, who glint in fill in and get married without their families being. The hatred felt by their families leads to the death of five people. dickens of who are Romeo and Juliet, the star-crossed honeyrs who die because they involve to be together but cant be. It installs the young as they crusade to escape from the morass of hatred created by their elders.The ancient family feud makes Romeo and Juliets union even to a greater extent significant as they both hate apiece others families, but manage to submerge it when they meet each other. This play represents true love because it learns pure hatred turn into pure love. Romeo and Juliet went against everything they were brought up with and gave up their lives to be together. Romeo is a very passionate person when we startle meet him, and his passion waistband throughout the play. We do learn however, that Romeo is very impulsive, and acts on this impulsive streak ver y often, and it leads him to do some stupid things, which I will limn further on in the essay.The starting time reference to love in the play is in the opening motion picture where we meet Sampson and Gregory (two Capulet servants). They are both very earthy and crude characters and show this straight away when they are talk slightly the Montague women. In lines 17-20, Sampson says, Tis true, and on that pointfore women being the weaker vessels are ever pang to the wall. Therefore I will push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. This is where the punning becomes sexual. He is implying that he will assault the Montague maids against the wall.Later on in lines 27-28, he says, Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads- take it in what sense thou wilt. Here he is saying that he will all chop off the heads of the Montague maids, or rape them, dep shoemakers lasting on what he feels like. Their behaviour shows that they do not actually think o f love itself, and only think of sex. They view women as mere objects to serve their pleasure. They are not the only bawdy characters in the play to have this perception of women and love estimate. In act two, motion-picture show one (lines 34-38) Mercutio is making fun of Romeos talk of love for Rosaline.He talks about a Medlar tree, and describes sex as a Medlar fruit. He is saying that Romeo truly wishes Rosalie were a Medlar fruit, even though he says he loves her, all he really wants is sex. This is believably because this is all Mercutio chit-chats love as. The Nurse is another one of these characters. She constantly talks about the physical side of marriage. To her, love is merely about sex and having babies. For Sampson, Gregory, Mercutio and the Nurse, love is something non-emotional, and they have obviously neer experienced love like Romeo and Juliets.Love for Romeo and Juliet is very emotionally bonded, and they cannot live without each other. This however does not mean thither is no physical element to their relationship. Romeo and Juliet eagerly look forward to the physical side. This can be seen in act three, snap two, lines 1-30, where Juliet is looking forward to her wedding night, or her love-performing night. But even this is altered by their love into something of which Mercutio, the Nurse and the servants know nothing of. In act one, pictorial matter one, Romeos parents show parental love when they are concerned about him.The first evidence to show they care about Romeo is in lines 118-119, where Lady Montague says, Right effulgent I am he (Romeo) was not at this fray, meaning she was glad that Romeo was not involved in the urge on that had just happened. In lines 133-144, Montague talks about Romeos worrying behaviour. He says that he is always crying, distances himself from everyone else, and shuts out light, making himself an artificial night. Montague is obviously worried about his sons behaviour, and asks Benvolio if he co uld talk to Romeo because he does not understand him.This doesnt mean however, that he does not care how Romeo feels, but he evidently does. It just shows the contrast between young and old. The first time we meet Romeo, he seems very sad and down (in the exact state his father describes him to be in). he is sad because he is in love. For Romeo, being in love (at this stage in the play) is a very dire, negative thing, especially because here there is a situation of unrequited love. However, by studying Romeos language in this thought, I believe that he is not in love with Rosaline, but infact in love with the idea of love itself.The fact that he does not say Rosalines name once, but talks about being in love, shows that the she is irrelevant. Romeos doting over Rosaline is introduced to show the difference between love and infatuation. He talks about love as a painful situation to be in, as shown in lines 195-196, A madness more or less discreet, a choking gall, and a preserving sweet. This changes drastically though, when he meets Juliet. From the second he sees Juliet (in act one scene five) you can see he has changed. He suddenly speaks in a more positive tone, with more positive views on Juliet not just of love.O she doth teach the torches to burn b skilful. Romeo is referring to Juliet as an actual person, whereas before he was talking about being in love (supposedly with Rosaline), but never refers to her as a person. On confrontation Juliet he experiences love at first sight. He goes on to say, For I neer truism true beauty till this night. This shows that he has forgotten about Rosaline already, almost like she never existed. Romeo constantly compares Juliet to a saint throughout the play, O then dear saint. He has made Juliet out to be the most important person (to him), in the matter of minutes.In their first meeting, Romeo and Juliet dowry a sonnet (lines 94-107). This immediately shows the connection of love and harmony that exists between them. In the sonnet, love as a religion seems to be the key subject, and Romeo talks about it so passionately. He refers to Juliet as a saintly shrine, and his lips Two blushing pilgrims. By studying Romeos language here, and that of which he used when we first met him, you can see that his feelings have gone from being self-centred, self deceiving and essentially negative, to less self-centred, genuine and unprejudiced passion, positively approached when he meets Juliet.The love between Romeo and Juliet is different from any other in the play, because both share the same view on love. It is so strong that they fought through everything to be together and when they werent they felt empty and sad. No one else in the play shows love for anything this deep. The words Romeo and Juliet use when flirting with each other emphasise their love for one another. They use words to do with the body lips, hands, palms, religion pilgrims, saints, prayer, awe and holy then they put both ideas t ogether, holy palmers kiss and saints lips. Romeo is trying to woo Juliet with romantic gestures.In line 139 Juliet says, My only love sprung from my only hate Two types of love are at contrast here for Juliet. Romantic love (for Romeo) and love for her family, (because she was brought up to hate the Montagues). This saddens her. There is another type of love in the play parental and familial love, the love between parents and their children. We do not learn much about the Montague parents, but we do see a great deal of the Capulet parents. At first when we see Capulet talking to Paris, he is saying Juliet is his only missy and she means a lot to him, so he does not want her to marry as young as she is.However, this changes completely by bend 3, scene 4 when he shrewdly decides to marry off his daughter to Paris and arranges the wedding. In Act 1, scene 3, Lady Capulet has a talk with Juliet about marriage (to Paris). She does not seem to care much about Juliets opinion, but mo re than she does later on. This is where we see her first selfish streak, and realise that their mother-daughter relationship is not a very close one. It is not until Act 3, scene 5 we see the Capulets completely break their daughter, when they force an arranged marriage onto her.This is a striking scene, where Lady Capulet wishes Juliet was dead after she says that she does not want to marry Paris I would the fool were married to her grave. Capulet is even more heartless in this scene. He completely loses his temper with Juliet, and threatens to throw her out and disown her is she does not marry Paris. The love of the Capulets for their daughter is so possessive and domineering, that when she doesnt do as they wish, it turns into utter cruelty and really makes you question whether they love Juliet or not.Her parents want to force her into a loveless marriage because they obviously do not realize love to be at all important in a marriage, and also because they think they know wh at is best for Juliet and that she is theirs to treat however they like An you be mine Ill give you to my friend An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, for by my soul, Ill neer acknowledge thee, (line 192-194). This also shows the contrast between young and old the old dont understand the young.Lord and Lady Capulet actually show more love for Juliet when they find her supposedly dead, but even this is selfish love as they are more worried about how they are going to live without her. This shows just how superficial their love for Juliet is. another(prenominal) characters that act as surrogate parents for Romeo and Juliet and the Nurse and Friar Lawrence. The Nurse nursed Juliet as a baby, and has a good deal brought her up. The Friar is someone who both lovers turn to for advise. Romeo goes to the Friar when he wants to marry Juliet. The Friar and the Nurse acted as messengers between Romeo and Juliet.They showed great support and parental love towards Romeo and J uliet when they got married, but even this was partially superficial. At the end of Act 3, scene 5, just after the big argument between Capulet and Juliet, the Nurse is trying to cheer a distraught Juliet, but instead she fails her miserably. When Juliet asks the Nurse what she thinks she should do, the Nurse surprises her by saying that she might as well marry Paris because Romeo has been banished and they can no longer be together. She thinks that love (marriage) is no more than having sex and having babies, then to her Paris would make just a good husband as Romeo would.She does not understand the depth of emotion involved in true love, and Juliet is very upset by this because she thought that the Nurse understood how she felt. After this conversation, Juliet goes to the Friar for advice (Act 4, scene 1). The Friar helps her a great deal, and you think he really understands Romeo and Juliet, but he in turn fails Juliet in Act 5, scene 3. When Juliet wakes up and find Romeo dead she wants to spend more time with him, but the Friar insists that they leave when he hear people coming their way, Come Ill dispose of thee among a sisterhood of holy nuns.The Friars inadequacy in this crisis is shown by this ironic suggestion. He is fine until now to help the lovers be together, but when it comes to him almost being caught out, he just tries to run away from the situation. This shows his selfishness, and the fact he does not understand the lovers affections and intentions to be together always. In this play of overflowing love and passion we are introduced to a character very different from all the others Paris. Paris is an altogether good man, who is genuinely in love with Juliet and is the only one genuinely upset when she dies.Here there is another situation of unrequited love for Juliet from Paris. He is quite an innocent character caught up in the Capulet familys complications and does not think there is anything wrong with the arranged marriage. He does no t actually speak to Juliet until they meet in the Friars cell in Act 4, scene 1, and the marriage is arranged through Capulet. He is very thoughtful towards Juliets feelings, and in lines 6 and 7, he says he has not talked to her about love (the marriage), because she has been weeping and is very sad about Tybalts death, but thinks that by getting married she will be happy again.Another character apart from Romeo and Juliet who is also driven by great passions and love is Tybalt. Tybalt shows the greatest passion for hate. In Act 1, scene 1 he says, what, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, and all Montagues and thee. He is a very passionate character who also shows a tremendous amount of familial love, because he is prepared to fight and in turn die for his family. Mercutio is also another one of these characters. Although he is neither Capulet nor Montague, he shows a great amount of love of intimacy towards Romeo and the Montagues he dies whilst duelling ag ainst Tybalt for them.In his Queen Mab he lets his tongue run away with him because he is talking passionately about something (love) that he doesnt believe in. The mood in the scenes in which we see Romeo and Juliet together, contrast with the atmosphere of most the other scenes in the play, because of their feelings for each other. They are the two main characters who are star-crossed lovers, so obviously their scenes are going to be much more romantic and intense with passion for love than any other.Their scenes are also more calmer, relaxed and create a pleasant, positive atmosphere, whereas the rest are in the main to do with the family feud or other less positive things (such as the arranged marriage). In the balcony scene (Act 2, scene 2), you can tell that they both see their love as more important than any ancient family feud. In lines 66-69, Romeo speaks of how stony limits cannot hold love out, meaning that even high walls are no challenge for love and that nothing can s top them from sharing their love.By the end of the play Romeo and Juliet have changed quite a bit. Romeo went from being almost in a state of depression, to this fiery most positive character. However the same impulsive streak he has at the beginning is still there right till the very end when he acts on his impulse and decides to drink the poison not knowing the facts of Juliets death. Juliet was quite childish at the beginning of the play, because she does exactly what she was told by her parents.You could say that both character appeaseed childish right till the end, because of the way they hid everything from most people because they were too shake up to come out. You could also say though that they grew up, matured a lot and became more independent because they disobeyed their parents and assemble a way to be together practically by themselves (even though the Nurse and the Friar knew, they did not understand Romeo and Juliet properly). I also think that by spending their fi rst night together, Romeo and Juliet matured more as they cemented their love.They both made huge sacrifices for each other, making their love even truer, and even though they both died in the end, Romeo died after kissing Juliet, and Juliet died after kissing Romeo. Just before Romeo takes his poison, he says, heres to my love and just before Juliet stabs herself she says Oh happy dagger This shows they didnt mind dying as long as they were able to be together. Also in the play, the actions for the older members, affect the younger members a lot. Because of them, Mercutio, Tybalt, Paris and Romeo and Juliet all die.This is what makes Romeo and Juliet such an immense tragedy. Now I have shown the various perceptions of love in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, I will now pick out two contrasting scenes I have discussed and explain how I would stage them to show their differences. The two scenes I have chosen are, act 1, scene 1, with Sampson and Gregory (lines 11-27), and act 1, scen e 5, where Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time (lines 94-107). Sampson and Gregory are two very crude characters, and this has to be shown by not only their performances, but also their surroundings.The actors should wear green or khaki colours, with their swords dangling from a belt on their sides. This makes them look like they are army soldiers, who are ready to fight at any moment. They would have stubble showing, and straits as if they had something heavy on their shoulders, which makes them look rough, and rude. I would have them talk very loud, almost shouting, as if they owned the place, inconsiderate to other peoples feelings and are boosting about what they are saying. The lighting should be a bold green when Sampson says, A dog of that hold shall move me to stand. Green is quite a hard, sick looking colour, which will emphasise their foul minds. They should walk side-by-side, in the middle, and people should walk on the very edges (of the stage) to look as if they are trying to stay away from them. When they talk about the Montague maids and pushing them against the wall, one of them should pretend he is going to push a woman passing by into the wall, and then they both laugh about it. Romeo and Juliets first meeting is very special. In lines 94-107 they share a sonnet, so this should be a very romantic scene.Juliet should be dancing with someone else, then they all switch partners, and Romeo hurries to be hers. Until they start dancing with each other, there should be other people all around the room (on the stage), but as soon as Romeo says his first line, If I profane they should all move into the background, the music (at the party) should die slowly into a fluffy beat. Romeo and Juliet will dance in he middle, up-stage, and this will show the audience who they should be looking at and listening to.The lighting would hover from a calm yellow, to subtle orange, then to a soft red, then eventually to a light pink. These colours remind me of a beautiful sunset, and also romance, so I think it will work well because of the softness. They should go behind a pillar on the right side of the stage to kiss to show they are hiding it from everyone else. Romeo should wear a mask all throughout, and pull it off just before they kiss, and they should both look into each others eye the whole time. This will show that they do not care about each others bodies.Both would be in their party outfits- Juliets should be in a long skim off or white dress to show her purity, with red flowers or embroidery on it, also erosion red lipstick. Romeos outfit should be a red or maroon velvet material, with a yellow belt and silver mask. This will make him look like a prince, and the red careworn by both characters, emphasises the red associated with romance. They should speak softly to each other, and when they speak it should not be as if this is their first meeting, but as if they have known each other for a lifetime. This will show the s pecial connection they have straight away.